乡村家校社协同育人:理论框架、现实困境与机制构建

Collaborative Education of Rural Family,School and Community:Theoretical Frame,Realistic Dilemma and Mechanism Construction

教育在乡村振兴中发挥着先导性和基础性作用,以振兴乡村教育赋能乡村振兴,扎实推动巩固拓展教育脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接,是教育的使命和职责。健全学校家庭社会育人机制是构建乡村教育高质量体系的必然选择。乡村家校社协同育人是在乡村社会实现立德树人根本任务的重要组成部分和基础性工程,其质量提升不仅事关人的自由全面发展,而且关系乡村教育振兴以及教育振兴乡村战略的落地落实。然而,当前乡村家校社协同育人面临协同育人主体责任边界模糊、协同育人系统性建设不足、协同育人碎片化突出等现实困境,其主要原因在于乡村教育基础薄弱且发展不平衡、教育责任主体认识偏差和能力缺失、乡村教育发展内生性不足。要充分发挥学校主导、家长主体和社会支持的协同育人职能,形成优势互补、协同育人的新机制和新格局,就需要从强化政策支持、明确主体责任、激发内在潜力的角度,构建协同育人的政策引领机制、功能认知机制、内生动力机制、协调发展机制,推动学校家庭社会协同育人共同体建设,更好发挥教育合力。

Education plays a leading and fundamental role in rural revitalization.It is the mission and responsibility of education to revitalize rural education to empower rural revitalization,and to effectively link the achievements of poverty alleviation through educa⁃tion with rural revitalization.Improving the school and family social education mechanism is the inevitable choice to construct the high-quality system of rural education.The collaborative education of rural families,schools and societies is an important part and basic pro⁃ject to realize the fundamental task of moral education in rural society.Its quality improvement is not only related to the free and com⁃prehensive development of people,but also related to the implementation of rural education revitalization and the rural revitalization strategy of education.However,the current collaborative education of rural families and schools face the boundary fuzziness of collabo⁃rative education subject responsibility,the deficiency of collaborative education systematic construction,and the prominence of collabo⁃rative education fragmentation.The main reasons are that the rural education foundation is weak and unbalanced,the education respon⁃sibility subjects are deviated in understanding and deficient in ability,and the rural education development lacks endogenous momen⁃tum.To give full play to the collaborative education function of the school leading,parents and social support,form the new mechanism and new pattern of complementary advantages and collaborative education,it is needed to strengthen policy support,clear subject re⁃sponsibility,and stimulate the inner potential,so as to construct policy leading mechanism,the functional cognition mechanism,the endogenous dynamic mechanism,and coordinated development mechanism of collaborative education.In this way,the educational syn⁃ergy of the collaborative education community construction involving family,school and society can be better played.