常德地区外来入侵植物调查分析

Investigation and analysis of alien invasive plants in Changde area

【目的】全面摸清常德地区典型生境中外来入侵植物的种类构成、原产地、生活型和区系组成,保护好本地区生态系统。【方法】采用标准样地法、样方法和样线法,对常德市22种生境类型和9种土地利用类型进行实地调查。【结果】常德地区共有外来入侵植物104种,隶属31科77属,其中菊科(29种)、苋科(9种)、豆科(8种)和禾本科(8种)为优势科,占物种总数的52%;种类最多的属为苋属(5种)。68种外来入侵植物来自美洲地区,占物种总数的65.4%。草本植物共97种,占物种总数的93.3%。植物区系分析结果显示,常德地区外来入侵植物科的主要分布类型为世界广布、泛热带分布、热带亚洲和热带美洲间断;属的主要分布类型为世界广布和泛热带分布。【结论】常德地区外来入侵植物种类不断增多,应该与地理位置以及近些年来经济发展有关,相关职能部门应该引起高度重视,并及时采取有效的防控措施。

【Aim】In order to fully understand the species composition,origin,life form,and floristic composition of alien invasive plants in various habitats in Changde and to protect the local ecosystems.【Method】Twenty⁃two types of habitats and 9 types of land use in Changde were investigated,and field investigations were carried out by standard sampling method,sampling method and line sampling method.【Result】There were 104 species of alien invasive plants in the Changde area,belonging to 31 families and 77 genera,of which Compositae(29 species),Amaranthaceae(9 species),Leguminosae(8 species),and Gramineae(8 species)were the dominant families,accounting for 52%of the total species.The genus with the most species was Amaranthus spp.(5 spe⁃cies).Accounting for 65.4%of the total species,68 alien invasive plants originated from the Americas.Herbaceous plants included 97 species and account for 93.3%of the total number of species.The results of flora analysis showed that the main distribution types of alien invasive plant families in the Changde area were of worldwide,and pan⁃tropical origins with some from tropical Asian and A⁃merican regions.【Conclusion】The increasing number of alien invasive plants in the Changde area is related to its economic develop⁃ment in recent years and its geographical location.Relevant functional departments should pay close attention to this issue and imple⁃ment timely and effective prevention and control measures.