基于基尼系数和区位熵的宁夏医疗资源配置公平性研究

Research on Equity of Medical Resource Allocation in Ningxia Based on Gini Coefficient and Location Entropy

目的:分析宁夏各市医疗资源配置情况,为促进该地区医疗资源公平配置提出建议。方法:以2021年《宁夏统计年鉴》相关数据为基础,运用基尼系数和区位熵运算方法做数据处理,观察宁夏各市医疗卫生人力资源和物力资源的配置公平性。结果:宁夏基尼系数的人口维度各项数值在0.03-0.15之间,属于高度公平区间,基尼系数的地理维度各项数值处于0.19-0.45之间,其中卫生技术人员、执业医师、执业(助理)医师和注册护士基尼系数数值>0.4,资源配置差距较大;医疗资源区位熵结果中,石嘴山市各项指标区位熵>1,资源配置最为公平,其余四市在人口和地理维度的区位熵均<1;基层医疗资源的区位熵结果中,银川市人口维度区位熵<1,吴忠市、中卫市地理维度区位熵<1。结论:宁夏医疗资源空间分布不均衡,具体表现为南北两地差异明显,同时面临医疗资源人力总量配置不足,应针对地理和人力两方面的配置不公平给予相应的医疗政策、资金等倾斜,促进宁夏医疗资源的高质量均衡发展。

Objective:To analyze the distribution of medical resources in various cities in Ningxia,so as to put forward suggestions for promoting distribution of medical resources fairly in this region.Methods:Based on the relevant data of Ningxia Statistical Yearbook in 2021,the study used the Gini coefficient and the location entropy to process the data and then analyze the fairness of the allocation of medical resources including the personnel and facilities.Results:The Gini coefficient in Ningxia based on population index was between 0.03 and 0.15,which was a highly fair range,while the Gini coefficient based on geographical index was between 0.19 and 0.45,among which the value of health technicians,licensed(assistant)physicians and registered nurses exceeded 0.4,indicating a large gap in resource allocation.In the result of location entropy,the location entropy of Shizuishan was bigger than 1,which was in a fair state.The location entropy in other four cities was less than 1 in population and geographical index.In the result of location entropy of grassroots medical resources,the location entropy of population index in Yinchuan was less than 1,and the location entropy of geographic index in Wuzhong and Zhongwei was less than 1.Conclusion:The spatial distribution of medical resources in Ningxia is uneven,which is manifested in the obvious difference between the north and the south.At the same time,facing the insufficient allocation of the total amount of medical resources,corresponding medical policies and funds should be given in view of the unfair allocation of geography and population,so as to promote the high-quality and balanced development of health service in Ningxia.