政策工具视角下中国遏制微生物耐药政策分析

Analysis on Policies of Containing Antimicrobial Resistance in China Based on the Perspective of Policy Tools

目的:从政策工具视角出发,梳理中国遏制微生物耐药进入全面治理阶段后的国家政策。分析政策工具的使用情况和特点,为我国遏制微生物耐药政策制定和优化提供参考。方法:以“遏制微生物耐药”等为关键词在国家卫生健康委员会等部委网站和中国知网政府文件数据库等检索2016年1月-2022年4月发布的微生物耐药相关政策文本,进行编码和内容分析。结果:纳入政策文本111份,编码获得内容分析单元407条。其中环境型政策工具为主导,占65.85%;供给型政策工具不足,占28.26%,需求型政策工具较少,仅占5.90%。结论:未来需协调运用3种政策工具,增强多部门协作。优化环境型政策工具的内部组合,对工作目标进行分解设定,加强联防联控和预案管理;增强供给型政策工具的使用,明确资金、人力及基础设施等相关资源的投入水平和方式;增加需求型政策工具的应用,丰富科普宣传的政策内容,加强国际交流合作。

Objective:To review and summarize the national policies related to the containment of antimicrobial resistance in China after entering the comprehensive governance stage from the perspective of policy tools,to analyze the characteristics of three types of policy tools,so as to provide suggestions for future national and local policy development and optimization.Methods:This study conducted a comprehensive search for antimicrobial resistance-related policies issued between January 2016 and April 2022 on the websites of national ministries or commissions,such as the National Health Commission,as well as other policy databases such as the CNKI government policies database,using keywords such as"antimicrobial resistance".Content coding and analysis of the policies were conducted.Results:A total of 111 policies were included in the study,with 407 content items finally coded.Environment-based policy tools were found to be dominantly applied,accounting for 65.85%of the policies.Supply-based policy tools were insufficiently applied,accounting for 28.26%of the policies.Demand-based policy tools were inadequately applied,accounting for only 5.90%of the policies.Conclusion:In the future,it is essential to use the three policy tools in a coordinated manner and enhance multi-sectoral collaboration.The internal combination of environment-based policy tools must be optimized by breaking down long-term goals into specific short-term goals,improving the working mechanism of joint action,and creating contingency plans.The use of supply-based policy tools needs to be strengthened by specifying the details of resource investments,including funds,manpower,and infrastructure.Urgent attention must be given to increasing the application of demand-based policy tools,such as enriching the policy content of antimicrobial resistance propaganda,strengthening international communication,and cooperation with developed countries and international organizations like the World Health Organization.