张谦宜瘟疫书写与山东康熙癸未、甲申灾疫

Zhang Qianyi's Writings on the Plague and the Disaster and Epidemic in Shandong Province(1703—1704)

文学史上,有关灾异的书写不绝如缕,但关于瘟疫的书写则较为罕见。康熙甲申山东诸多州县暴发瘟疫,此次瘟疫是前一年,即康熙癸未大灾的延伸。这两年齐鲁大地因连遭天灾、瘟疫,饿殍满地,一片焦土,史书、方志对此多有记载。这两年的灾异,在山左文士的诗文集中多有记录,却鲜有关于瘟疫的书写。胶州文士张谦宜《絸斋诗集》中存有一定数量的关于康熙甲申瘟疫的诗篇,似为仅有的有关这次瘟疫的诗歌书写。张谦宜的瘟疫书写,在社会层面,真实细致地反映了瘟疫给胶东大地带来的无尽伤害;在心理层面,又深刻形象地揭示了瘟疫给胶东民众带来的严重创伤。诚然,张谦宜的瘟疫书写限于胶州一地,但从这一地的书写中能够蠡测当时齐鲁大地瘟疫横行的惨状,不仅是直观的灾难损失,还有持久的精神苦痛。

Writings on abnormal disasters are abundant in the history of literature whereas there are rather scarce writings on plagues.In 1704,Shandong province was inflicted by plagues in the wake of the one in the previous year.Between these two years,Shandong province suffered from natural disasters and plagues,leading to ruins and corpses,which had been recorded in history books and local chronicles.Despite quite a number of records of abnormal disasters in poetry by scholars in Shandong,there exist few writings on the plague.Zhang Qianyi,a scholar in Jiaodong County of Shandong Province,wrote several poems about the plague in his Jianzhai Shi Ji,which is likely the sole poetry writings about this plague.His writings on the plague reveal not only the social damages to this region but the psychological trauma to its natives.Although Zhang Qianyi's writings are restricted to Jiaozhou area,the tragedy description reflects a tangible disaster loss and more importantly a lasting spiritual pain.