孔子之“乐”的论域、呈现及支撑

The Scope,Presentation and Support of Confucius'􀆳“Le”

当代中国对生活持悲观焦虑情绪者众多,回望我国传统文化,孔子的积极乐观精神具有启发性,值得借鉴。孔子之“乐”属于“情”的范畴,儒家之“情”有两个维度:群体之情与个体之情,孔子对个体之情论述更多。“乐”是“情”落实到现实层面的外在表现,是个体的情感体验,呈现为道德情感(孔颜乐处)、审美与道德情感的融合(曾点气象)、日常生活之感性情感(无私忧、乐观)三部分。孔子乐观是因为有坚定信念的支撑,这种信念进一步细分为“志为君子”和“尽人事以待天命”。这样的信念在今天依然不过时,即使建立其中一条,也能支撑起人的乐观精神。

There are mang people in contemporary China who hold pessimistic and anxious attitudes towards life.Looking back at our traditional culture,the positive and optimistic spirit of Confucius is enlightening and worth learning from.Confucius'􀆳“Le”belongs to the category of“emotion”,which has two dimensions:group emotions and individual emotions.Confucius discusses more about the latter.“Le”is the external manifestation of“emotion”implementedin reality,which is the individual emotional experience presented as moral emotions(Kong Yan Le Chu),the fusion of aesthetic and moral emotions(Zeng Dian Qi Xiang),and perceptual emotions in daily life(No personal worries and optimism).Confucius'optimism is supported by his firm belief,which can be further divided into the belief of learning to be a wise man and the belief of doing one􀆳s best and then obeying the destiny.Such beliefs are still timeless today,and even if one is established,it can support a person's optimism.