杨简的“知止”工夫诠释

Annotation of Yang Jian's Gongfu Theory of“Knowing when Enough is Enough”

“知止”及围绕该概念形成的一系列范畴,构成了宋代心学代表学者杨简工夫诠释的重要内容。“知止”工夫包含了“本心”至善的先验性、自发自止的主体性以及心意合一的顺向性诸层面。人人皆具有正直向善的、本静本止的“本心”,只需充分发挥“本心”的能动性与独立性,则体虽常寂而思虑酬酢应用无穷,这便是杨简所追求的、寂感合一的“知止”工夫。杨氏希望以此消除“意”对心体的拘执,以无思无为之“止”实现道德主体之超越,并将其落实到孝悌慈爱的日常践履之中。

“Knowing when enough is enough”and a series of categories formed around this concept constitute an important aspect of Yang Jian's Gongfu Theory,a representative scholar of the Song Dynasty.The work of“Knowing when enough is enough”includes the apriority of“original mind”and the supreme good,the subjectivity of spontaneous and self stopping,and the orientation of the unity of mind and will.Everyone has an honest and good“original mind”,which is static and stops at all times,so just let it dominate by itself and give full play to the initiative and independence of“original mind”.Although the body is always quiet,it will be considered and used endlessly.This is the time of“Knowing when enough is enough”recognized by Yang Jian,which is the integration of silence and sense.Yang hopes to eliminate the constraint of“mind”on spirit and body,and realize the transcendence of moral subject by“enough is enough”without thinking and doing,and implement it into the daily practice of filial piety,fraternity and love.