近代以来“纸老虎”概念的渊源流变、话语构建和多重运用

The Origin,Evolution,Discourse Construction and Multiple Applications of the Concept of“Paper Tiger”since Modern Times

“纸老虎”一词由来已久,在不同时期的使用蕴含不同的意指,但其最初本意一直延续。在近代风云变幻的时局中,“纸老虎”大量出现在政论家的话语表达实践中,指称不同的革命对象:清政府、帝国主义、国内外反动派,不一而足。中国共产党建立初期,早期共产党人将其初步建构为反帝革命话语体系的构成要件。抗日战争时期,日本侵略者成为“纸老虎”语词的核心指向。“纸老虎”表达了民众对侵略者的贬斥和憎恨,同时也是动员国民抗战到底,增强民族凝聚力的话语斗争武器。延安时期,毛泽东提出“一切反动派都是纸老虎”的系列论断,系统深刻地解答了如何认识革命与反革命力量的命题,不仅构成了毛泽东政治话语的重要组成部分,而且深刻影响了世界范围内反帝话语的重构。

The term“paper tiger”has a long history and has been used in different periods with different meanings,but its original meaning has been continued.In the changing situation of modern times,a large number of“paper tigers”appeared in the discourse expression practice of political commentators,referring to different objects of revolution:the Qing government,imperialism,domestic and foreign reactionaries,and so on.In the early days of the founding of the Party,the early Communists initially constructed it as the constituent element of the anti-imperialist revolutionary discourse system.During the Anti-Japanese War,the Japanese invaders became the core of the“paper tiger”.“Paper tiger”expressed the public's derogation and hatred of the aggressors;at the same time,it was also a discourse struggle weapon for mobilizing the people to resist the war to the end and enhancing national cohesion.During the Yan'an period,Mao Zedong proposed a series of assertions that“All reactionaries are paper tigers”,which systematically and profoundly answered the question of how to understand revolution and counter revolutionary forces.This not only constitutes an important component of Mao Zedong's political discourse,but also profoundly affects the reconstruction of anti imperialist discourse worldwide.