论孟子“孝”之意涵及其实现

On Connotations and Realization of“Filial Duty”in Mencius Thoughts

“孝”是中华民族的优秀传统美德之一,是儒家思想的核心内容,也是日常人伦生活的重要组成部分,在我国伦理体系中占有重要地位。孟子认为“孝”处于道之近端,其孝道思想具有守身、养亲、顺意、尊亲、善后、继志、忠君的丰富内涵,以悦亲而无所愧怍为终极目的。在孟子的“孝”伦理构设当中,虞舜之孝得到了充分阐发。虞舜由孝而行,深谙行孝之权变智慧,以至诚之“孝”感化其父,成为孟子之“孝”的顶点。性善论为孝道思想提供了理论依托,“人性本善”使每个人都具有了为“孝”的可能,并且指出了修“孝”之形上方法。但在马克思主义人性论的视角下,性善论存在先天缺陷,难以在今天继续为孟子之“孝”提供支撑,孟子之“孝”的吸收与借鉴还需寻找新的形上依据。

“Filial piety”is one of the outstanding traditional virtues of the Chinese nation.It is the core content of Confucianism and an important part of daily human life.It occupies an important position in my country’s ethical system.Mencius believes that“filial piety”is at the near end of the Tao,and his thoughts of filial piety have rich connotations of keeping one’s body,fostering relatives,obedient,respecting relatives,taking care of the aftermath,following up on one’s ambitions,and loyal to the emperor.In Mencius’ethical construction of“filial piety”,Yu Shun’s filial piety has been fully elucidated.Yu Shun acted from filial piety,and was well versed in the contingent wisdom of filial piety.His sincere“filial piety”influenced his father and became the culmination of Mencius’s“filial piety”.The theory of goodness of nature provides a theoretical basis for the thought of filial piety,and the“goodness of human nature”makes it possible for everyone to be“filial piety”and points out the metaphysical method of cultivating“filial piety”.However,from the perspective of Marxist theory of human nature,the theory of good nature has inherent defects,and it is difficult to continue to provide support for Mencius’“filial piety”today.The absorption and reference of Mencius’s“filial piety”still needs to find a new metaphysical basis.