金属暴露对肾脏影响的流行病学研究进展

Epidemiological research progress in the effects of metal exposure on kidney

慢性肾脏疾病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)为持续3个月以上的进行性肾功能丧失,可根据肾损害(蛋白尿水平)和肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate,GFR)下降程度进行分类。其最严重的形式是终末期肾病。CKD的患病率高且增长速度快,疾病负担日益加重,已经成为威胁人类健康的重要公共卫生问题。CKD病因复杂,除遗传因素外,环境因素也是导致CKD的重要原因。随着工业化发展,环境中金属污染日益严重,其对人体健康的影响受到广泛关注。研究显示砷、镉、铅等金属在肾脏中有明显的蓄积,可导致肾结构和功能受损,在CKD的发生、发展中起十分重要的作用。因此,总结砷、镉、铅和其他金属暴露与肾脏疾病的关系,可为预防和控制金属暴露导致的肾脏疾病提供新思路。

Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is suffered progressive loss of kidney function lasting more than 3 months and is classified according to the degree of kidney damage(level of proteinuria)and the decreased glomerular filtration rate(GFR).The most severe form of CKD is end-stage renal disease.The prevalence of CKD is high with fast growth rate and the disease burden has become increasingly serious.CKD has become an important publichealth problem threatening human health.The etiology of CKD is complex.In addition to genetic factors,environmental factors are an important cause of CKD.With the development of industrialization,environmental metal pollution has become increasingly severe,and its impact on human health has received widespread attention.A large number of studies have shown that metals such as lead,cadmium,and arsenic can accumulate in the kidney,which can cause damage to the structure and function of the kidney,and play an important role in the development of CKD.Therefore,summarizing the epidemiological research progress in the relationship between arsenic,cadmium,lead,and other metal exposures and kidney diseases can provide new ideas for the prevention and control of kidney diseases caused by metal exposure.