马克思自由观的总体性关怀及其当代价值

Totality concern of Marx’s view of freedom and itscontemporary value

马克思自由观的总体性表现为历史总体性、现实总体性与具体总体性的三重规定。历史总体性规定基于人类历史发展历程对自由的发展作出批判分析,展现出马克思对相对自由的历史关怀;现实总体性规定要求从生产关系出发理解人的社会关系及其自由状况,展现出马克思对集体自由的现实关怀;具体总体性规定要求从人类社会主体出发理解人的自由状况,展现出马克思对主体自由的具体关怀。马克思自由观在中国的当代实践表明:自由是一个不断实现的过程,是社会主义共同体总体进步的发展状态,是个体主体性和群体(人民)主体性的获得与焕发,并在构建人类命运共同体的倡议和努力中彰显出自由价值的巨大“溢出效应”和“导向效应”。

The totality of Marx’s view of freedom is represented by a triple regulation of historical totality,realistic totality,and concrete totality.Based on the historical development of human beings,the provision of historical totality makes a positive analysis of the freedom of capitalist society,showing Marx’s historical concern for relative freedom.The provision of reality totality requires that the understanding of human social relations and their freedom should be based on the perspective of production relations,showing Marx’s realistic concern for collective freedom.The provision of specific totality requires the understanding of human freedom from the perspective of the subject of human society,showing Marx’s specific concern for the subject freedom.The contemporary practice of Marx’s view of freedom in China shows that freedom is a process of continuous realization,a development state of the overall progress of the socialist community and the acquisition and rejuvenation of individual subjectivity and group(people)subjectivity.In particular,China’s initiative to build a community with a shared future for mankind is demonstrating the huge“spillover effect”and“guiding effect”of the value of freedom.