浅探《妇科玉尺》学术思想

Analysis of the academic thought of Gynecological Jade Ruler

《妇科玉尺》为清代沈金鳌所撰写,分为六卷,“求嗣”“月经”“胎前”“小产”“临产”“产后”“带下”“崩漏”“妇女杂病”九篇。本研究着重从求嗣、月经胎产及带下三个方面论述,在求嗣篇中,沈氏强调“男养精,女养血”,受孕怀胎的方法与时机;月经、胎产篇中沈氏传达了重视脾胃,经胎产病宜常用四物汤,提倡小产前三月堕者,再次妊娠宜调养保胎,注重产后调护的思想;带下篇中重视肝脾。各篇皆重视脉法。《妇科玉尺》承前朝女科精华,启发后世女科名家,为现代妇产科疾病的诊治提供了宝贵参考。

Gynecological Jade Ruler is written by Shen Jinao in the Qing Dynasty.This book is divided into six volumes,including nine chapters on“praying for children”“menstruation”“pre-pregnancy”“childbirth”“after childbirth”“morbid leukorrhea”,“metrorrhagia and metrostaxis”and“women′s miscellaneous diseases”.This article focuses on three parts:praying for children,menstruation,and fetal delivery and morbid leukorrhea.In the chapter of praying for children,Shen emphasizes that the essence should be nourished in males and blood in females,and stresses the method and timing of conception;in the chapter of menstruation and fetal delivery,Shen conveys the idea of attaching importance to the spleen and stomach.Siwu Decoction should be commonly used after fetal delivery.Shen advocates that those who abort within three months should be nursed and prevent miscarriage during the second pregnancy and pay attention to postpartum care;in the chapter of morbid leukorrhea,the liver and spleen are emphasized.All chapters emphasize the pulse.This book inherits the essence of the gynecological doctors of former dynasties and enlighten the later gynecological doctors.It provides a valuable reference for the diagnosis and treatment of modern gynecology and obstetrics diseases.