我国失能老人照护需求现状及影响因素研究

A Research on the Status of Care Demand of the Disabled Elderly and Its Influencing Factors in China

基于2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)数据、2012年中国老年社会追踪调查(CLASS)数据,实证分析了失能老人照护需求现状及其影响因素。研究发现:(1)需求程度方面,失能老人照护需求程度总体较高,影响因素包括个体社会经济特征、健康状况和家庭特征;(2)需求内容方面,医疗护理需求最高,精神慰藉需求次之,日常照料需求最低,影响因素仅涉及受教育水平、健康状况等少数变量;(3)需求类型方面,失能老人家庭照护需求最高,机构照护需求其次,社区照护需求最低,性别、年龄、收入、受教育水平、健康水平、家庭成员数量均对失能老人照护需求类型有所影响。基于此,应推进失能老人照护服务供给侧结构性改革,构建多层次的失能老人照护资源供给体系,完善失能老人照护政策保障体系。

Based on the data of CLHLS(2018)and CLASS(2012),the paper empirically analyzes the status of care demand of the disabled elderly and its influencing factors.The results show that:(1)In terms of the demand degree,the care demand of the disabled elderly is generally higher,and the influencing factors include individual socioeconomic characteristics,health status and family characteristics;(2)In terms of demand content,the demand for medical care is the highest,followed by the demand for spiritual comfort,and the demand for daily care is the lowest,and the influencing factors only include a few variables such as education and health status;(3)In terms of demand type,family care demand of disabled elderly people is the highest,followed by institutional care demand,and community care demand is the lowest,and gender,age,income,education level,health level,and the number of family members all have an impact on the type of care needs of the disabled elderly.Based on the findings,it is necessary to promote the supply-side structural reform for the disabled elderly care services,build a multi-level supply system of care resources for the disabled elderly,and improve the policy guarantee system for the disabled elderly.