马克思产权理论视域下我国农地制度的历史嬗变与展望

Historical evolution and prospect of farmland system from the perspective of Marx's property right theory

中国共产党成立百年来,以马克思产权理论为指导,围绕不同时期的历史任务和改革目标,先后形成了土地产权高度集中的土地农民所有制与土地集体所有制、所有权与承包经营权初步分离的土地承包经营制以及进一步放活经营权的土地“三权分置”制。在不同阶段土地制度的嬗变过程中,交织了党对不同时期社会、政治、民生问题的现实考量与党在改革实践中对于马克思产权理论的创新运用和丰富发展,也蕴含了党带领人民群众解决中国农民土地问题的历史逻辑与实践逻辑。基于马克思产权理论分析我国农地制度的历史变迁,有助于深化对我国农村土地产权制度的思考。汲取马克思土地产权理论中的精神力量,探寻中国土地制度改革中的实践规律,为新时代农地“三权分置”制度改革提供经验指导,明确当前和今后一段时期土地制度改革的发展逻辑。

Over the past hundred years,guided by Marxist theory and centering on the historical tasks and reform objectives of different periods,the Communist Party of China has successively formed a land peasant ownership system and a land collective ownership system with highly concentrated land property rights in individual or rural collectives,the land contract management system with initial separation of ownership and contracted management rights,and the land"three rights separation"system with further freeing management rights.In the process of evolution of land system,the party's realistic consideration of politics,soci⁃ety and people's livelihood in different periods are interwoven with the party's innovative application and rich development of Marx's property right theory in the reform practice with historical logic and practical logic.In view of this,analyzing the historical changes of China's rural land system based on Marx's property right theory will help to deepen the reflection on rural land property right system,absorb the spiritual power of Marx's land property right theory,explore the practical laws in land system reform,which can provide guidance for the"separation of powers"land system reform in the new era and clarify the development logic of land system in the future.