村级治理秩序分化的民情基础——基于鄂东S镇项目进村的经验考察

The basis of public sentiment for the differentiation of village governance order——a case study of S town in Eastern Hubei

在当前治理场域中,大规模的公共项目进入到农村社会,引起了村级治理秩序的剧烈变迁。借助项目化运作,村庄政治形成了多元参与、寡头治村和弱主体治理等治理模式,实际对应着协同、争利和无为等秩序形态,其后隐含着差异化的民情基础。通过对鄂东S镇项目进村的实践考察,将地方民情划分为积极型、消极型和中立型三种基本类型,探究了不同民情类型对村级治理秩序的影响。研究发现,农民权利意识的增长可能成为农民与乡村干部进行利益博弈的策略工具,导致村级治理陷入集体利益和个体利益的施政伦理困境之中;地方道德世界的舆论导向和社会评价机制决定了返乡精英的生活意义和社会价值,关系着外部资源反哺农村社会的现实进程;离乡精英不断从村庄社会脱嵌出去,个体利益与集体利益的纽带松弛带来政治参与的冷漠化。三者交织错叠,构成了地方民情的时势变化,成为解释基层政治运作的重要变量。

In the current governance field,large-scale public projects have entered the rural society,causing drastic changes in the grass-roots governance order.In the process of project-based operation,village politics has formed different development modes such as multiple participation,oligarchy governing the village and weak subject governance,which respectively correspond to the governance order forms of synergy,profit struggle and inaction,and there is a differentiated basis of public sentiment be⁃hind it.Through the practical investigation of S town project in Eastern Hubei,this paper divides the local public sentiment into three basic types:positive,negative and neutral,and explores the impact of different public sentiment types on the village gover⁃nance order.It found that the growth of farmers'awareness of rights may become a policy tool for farmers to play games with ru⁃ral cadres,resulting in the governance ethics dilemma of collective interests and individual interests.The orientation of public opinion and social evaluation mechanism of the local moral world determine the life value perception and action choice of returning elites,and are related to the actual process of external resources feeding back rural society.The elites who have left their home⁃town are disconnected from the village society,and the loosening of bond between individual interests and collective interests brings about the apathy of political participation.Therefore,the local public sentiment in response to the changes of the times is an important variable to explain the grass-roots political operation.