华北植物强化利用和禾本科粟、黍等驯化栽培的成因

The Causes of the Enhanced Utilization of Plants and the Cultivation of Millet and other Gramineous Plants in North China

中国北方旧石器向新石器过渡时期,气候干冷事件(尤其是Younger Dryas)造成了食物短缺和人口压力,人们由广谱性采集-狩猎转向植物强化利用.新石器中期(尤其是7 000~8 000 a BP),气候转向温暖潮湿,引起食物资源丰度增加、聚落密度增大和人口数量增加.而聚落密度的增大和人口数量的增加带来了战争风险并引起艺术、宗教等的演进.二者又导致聚落成员凝聚力增强以至聚落内人口超过聚落成员生存资源控制利用区域内资源的负荷能力.于是其生业模式由植物的强化利用向禾本科粟、黍等作物的驯化栽培演进.

During the transition period from Paleolithic to Neolithic in North China,the dry and cold events especially the Younger Dryas caused food shortage and population pressure so that the broad-spectrum gathering and hunting was changed to enhanced utilization of plants.In the middle neolithic(mainly 8~7 ka BP),the shift to a warmer and wetter climate led to the increase of food resources and population and settlement density.And the increase of population and settlement density brought about the risk of war and the evolution of art and religion.For these two reasons,the cohesion of the settlement members was enhanced and the population in the settlement exceeded the carrying capacity of the resources in the area controlled and utilized by the settlement members.Thus,the enhanced utilization of plants was evolved into the domestication and cultivation of millet and other gramineous plnants.