不同化学杀雄剂在谷子上的应用效果研究

Application Effects of Different Chemical Castration Agents on Millet

化学杀雄法为提高谷子杂交育种去雄效率提供了一条有效的途径,本研究以黑龙江主栽谷子品种嫩选17为材料,将68%草甘膦铵盐、10%烟嘧磺隆、10%咪唑乙烟酸、40%乙烯利4种化学试剂分别用3种浓度在抽穗始期对谷穗进行喷施处理,以杀雄后的套袋自交结实率及饱和授粉结实率为参考依据,对不同试剂的杀雄效果进行评估。结果表明:68%草甘膦铵盐虽杀雄彻底,但对雌蕊发育损伤极大,导致饱和授粉结实率低;40%乙烯利和10%烟嘧磺隆处理杀雄效果一般,且饱和授粉结实率较套袋自交结实率提高幅度较小;在抽穗始期喷施10%咪唑乙烟酸可以诱导产生大于90%的雄性不育率,且具有较高的饱和授粉结实率,可以作为嫩选17的适宜化学杀雄剂。

Chemical castration provides an effective way to improve the castration efficiency of millet cross breeding.In this study,Nenxuan 17,the main millet variety in Heilongjiang Province,was used as the material,and four chemical reagents(68%glyphosate ammonium salt,10%nicosulfuron,10%imazethapyr and 40%ethephon)were sprayed on the millet ears with three concentrations at the beginning of heading.Taking the bagging self-pollination seed setting rate and saturation pollination seed setting rate after castration as reference,the castration effects of different reagents were evaluated.The results showed that although 68%glyphosate ammonium salt had complete castration effect,but it caused great damage to pistil development,resulting in low seed setting rate of saturated pollination.Treatments of 40%ethephon and 10%nicosulfuron had general castration effect,and seed setting rate of saturated pollination was less than that of bagging self-pollination.Spraying 10%imazethapyr at the beginning of heading can induce the male sterility rate to be more than 90%,and it has a high seed setting rate of saturated pollination,so it can be used as a suitable chemical castration agent for Nenxuan 17.