成败得失之间:苏德战争爆发前后苏联的应对举措及其经验教训

Success and Failure:Countermeasures and Lessons of the Soviet Union before and after the Outbreak of the Soviet-German War

苏德战争是对斯大林确立的苏联体制的严峻考验。在高度集权的苏联体制下,斯大林的个人决策发挥了决定性作用。战争前夕斯大林转变外交方针,为苏联争取“避战自保”的时空条件,但在临战部署上有重大失误,致使苏联在战争初期遭受严重失利。斯大林动员全国转入战时体制,指挥苏军凭借国土纵深挫败希特勒的“闪击战”,并联合西方国家建立反法西斯同盟,最终使苏联取得战争的胜利。适应战争动员的苏联体制是其经受战争考验并取得最终胜利的必要条件,但不是唯一和充分条件。苏联取得战争胜利是诸多因素发挥合力的结果。

The Report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC makes a scientific summary of the essential requirement of Chinese path to modernization for the first time.The essential requirement of Chinese path to modernization,as an important part of the theoretical system of Chinese path to modernization,is the theoretical crystallization formed by the Party to profoundly summarize the historical experience of modernization construction in China and other countries in the world.The multi-dimensional study of its essential requirement is of great significance to grasp and implement the spirit of the 20th CPC National Congress.The essential requirement of Chinese path to modernization reflects the promotion led by the Party and the integration of national will,the value appeal of integrating the Party’s nature and purpose into Chinese path to modernization,and the great innovation significance of Chinese path to modernization for global modernization theory.Grasping the theoretical system of Chinese path to modernization as a whole and deepening the understanding of its essential requirement are internal demand to constantly expand its breadth and depth.