极地碎冰航道内潜艇上浮冰载荷特性研究

Characteristics of Ice Load on Submarine in Surfacing Process in Brash Ice Channel

极地海域是潜艇的理想活动区域,极地海冰既为潜艇提供庇护又对潜艇上浮形成威胁。论文依据北极海冰统计数据并参考HSVA冰槽试验,建立碎冰航道数值模型,基于STAR-CCM+软件,采用CFD-DEM方法和重叠网格技术,对碎冰航道潜艇上浮出水过程承受的冰载荷进行研究。得到主要结论如下:(1)潜艇上浮过程可分为上浮阶段、摇荡阶段和稳定阶段,而冰载荷主要集中在摇荡阶段。(2)在摇荡阶段潜艇和碎冰群多次碰撞,冰载荷呈现“分段集中”的特征。(3)在稳定阶段,因潜艇摇荡和兴波,碎冰群逐渐远离潜艇,与潜艇接触的频次降低,冰载荷显得较为稀疏。(4)随着初始潜深的增加,潜艇出水瞬间受碎冰群碰撞的主要部位逐渐前移。此外,潜艇摇荡阶段的时长和出水面时的垂向速度均与潜艇初始潜深成正比。

Based on the statistical data of ice in the Arctic Sea and referred to the HSVA test this paper establishes a numerical model of brash ice channel.Characteristics of ice load on a submarine rising to the surface in a brash ice channel are studied.Numerical results are summarized as following.(1)Floating process of the submarine in the brash ice channel can be divided into floating stage,swaying stage and stable stage,and ice load is mainly concentrated in the swaying stage.(2)In the swaying stage,submarine collides with the brash ice group frequently,and segmental concentration of the ice load appears.(3)In the stable stage,due to submarine swaying and wave making,ice fragments gradually move away from the submarine,which makes ice load on the submarine relatively sparse.(4)With the increase of initial depth of diving,main parts of the submarine colliding to the crushed ice gradually move forward.In addition,duration of the swaying phase of the submarine and the vertical velocity at the surface is proportional to the initial diving depth of the submarine.