非自愿搬迁与移民教育代际流动性:影响效应与作用机制

The Effect and Mechanism of Involuntary Resettlement on the Inter-generational Mobility of Education of Re-settlers

本文基于移民教育代际流动性视角探讨了非自愿搬迁对移民教育公平的影响,在此基础上进一步分析了移民教育代际梯次流动与跨越式流动的模式,并利用三峡库区非自愿搬迁移民调研数据进行了实证检验。结果显示:非自愿搬迁显著提高了移民教育代际流动性,有利于促进教育代际公平发展。异质性与机制分析发现,相比市内安置和后靠安置,市外安置和非后靠安置更有利于改善移民教育代际流动性;宏观受教育机会环境、家庭社会交往环境以及个体同伴相处环境在非自愿搬迁改善移民教育代际流动性过程中起到了积极的强化作用。此外,在不同教育层级上非自愿搬迁对移民教育代际流动性的影响呈现非对称性特征,非自愿搬迁对移民教育代际流动性的改善主要发生在较低教育层级,且在该层级上移民教育有明显的代际跨越式向上流动,但移民并未明显由较高教育层级代际梯次流向更高教育层级。本文的研究发现对基于教育代际流动规模和质量双重视角保障移民教育公平具有重要的政策启示。

Based on the inter-generational mobility of education(IME),this article analyzed the impact of involuntary relocation on the educational equity of the re-settlers,and conducted an empirical test using the survey data collected from re-settlers’households in Three Gorges Reservoir Area.The results show that there are significant differences on the IME between re-settlers and indigenous inhabitants,and the involuntary resettlement significantly increases the IME.The heterogeneity and mechanism analysis shows that resettlers out of Chongqing have significantly increased the IME,compared to re-settlers in Chongqing or resettled in nearby area,and the macro environment of fair educational opportunities,the family environment of social interaction and the individual environment of getting along well with classmates is beneficial to positively strengthen the effect of involuntary relocation on the IME.Also,the effect of the involuntary resettlement on the IME is asymmetry at different educational levels.The IME mainly occurs at the lower educational levels,and the re-settlers at the lower educational levels also have obvious upward leapfrog mobility across educational levels.Yet the re-settlers do not adjacently move upward to the highest educational classes from from the higher ones.These finds have important policy implications for improving the scale and quality of the IME to realize educational equity.