地理学视角下文化记忆空间研究进展与启示

Research Progress and Implication of Cultural Memory Space from the Perspective of Geography

通过梳理文化记忆理论,归纳文化记忆演变历程和发展脉络,以国内外地理学1527篇重点文献为支撑,借助文献计量和可视化工具CiteSpace从关键词共现聚类、主题路径演化及研究趋势分析国内外文化记忆空间研究的主要内容和进展。通过综述当前国内外文化记忆空间研究的前沿热点,以期建构地理学视角下文化记忆的研究范式,改进文化记忆研究方法,为文化记忆理论的本土应用和多学科融合提供借鉴与参考。从分析结果看,国外文化记忆空间研究的主题多集中于:1)日常生活景观的记忆表征研究;2)记忆中的政治与仪式研究等方面。国内研究主题主要包括:1)集体、社会记忆中的文化与地方研究;2)空间承载的城市与乡村记忆研究;3)文旅推动下的遗产记忆再现研究等方面。尽管近年来国内外关于文化记忆空间研究的文献逐渐增加,对于纪念性景观、遗产建筑、仪式庆典、战争创伤、民族记忆等的关注度增高,但文化记忆空间研究并未形成具体的理论范式,绝大多数文献仅仅关注文化记忆与其他领域的融合,而对文化记忆空间的内涵、媒介转换机制、空间识别方法的研究相对较少。从国内外研究的内容及趋势来看,西方学者更注重对移民、权利、自由意志、女性、权力政治、战争创伤的研究;对空间的关注主要集中在城市、情感与权利空间。国内地理学者注重从记忆的非物质载体去解构地域化、中国化的文化记忆与地方认同,研究多以明显的政策导向为主,战争遗址、红色旅游地、传统村寨、特色民俗与节庆仪式等成为文化记忆空间研究的重要主题。未来,地理学研究应将文本、仪式、语言等实践过程通过非表征手段进行刻画,以物态化的方式将记忆重新引入人类研究的视野;同时应明确界定城市与乡村文化记忆的内涵,以影像数字化手段将遗产、移民与旅游作为文化记忆空间研究的新主题。

Cultural memory is a spiritual,inner,and middle world composed of self-consciousness,memory,and behavior that expresses the cultural phenomenon,local emotions,and identity generated by human practice in the present world space.Geography pays more attention to the human-land relationship and spatial perception in the formation of cultural memory and constructs a unique cultural memory space.This space is the agglomeration of figurative cultural relics in space,as well as the spiritual representation of non-figurative places,such as art,text,and folklore in space.By systematically analyzing the theory of cultural memory,this study summarizes the process of evolution and development context of cultural memory.Based on 1,527 key domestic and international studies on geography,this study analyzes the main content and progress of global cultural memory space research from the perspective of keyword co-occurrence clustering,theme path evolution,and research trend,with the assistance of CiteSpace—the bibliometrics and visualization tool.By reviewing the frontier hot spots of cultural memory space research at home and abroad,this study aims to construct a research paradigm of cultural memory from the perspective of geography,improve the research methods of cultural memory,and provide a reference for the local application and multidisciplinary integration of cultural memory theory.The analysis results focus the research topics of foreign cultural memory space primarily on:1)the memory representation of the landscape of daily life;and 2)political and ritual studies in memory.Domestic research topics primarily include:1)cultural and local studies in collective and social memory;2)research on urban and rural memory carried by space;and 3)research on heritage memory reproduction,promoted by cultural tourism.The literature on cultural memory space at home and abroad has gradually increased in recent years,as has the attention paid to memorial landscape,heritage buildings,ritual celebrations,war trauma,and national memory;however,the research on cultural memory space has not formed a specific theoretical paradigm.Most of the literature only focuses on the integration of cultural memory and other fields,and relatively few studies address the connotation of cultural memory space,media conversion mechanisms,and spatial identification methods.The perspective of the content and trends in domestic and foreign research indicates that Western scholars pay more attention to the study of migration,rights,free will,women,power politics,and war trauma.The focus on space is mainly on cities,emotions,and rights.Domestic geographers focus on deconstructing regionalized and China-seized cultural memory and local identity from the intangible carrier of memory.Most studies are based on obvious policy orientations.War sites,red tourist sites,traditional villages,characteristic folk customs,and festival ceremonies have become important themes in the study of cultural memory space.In the future,geography research should depict the practical process of text,ritual,and language through non-representational means and re-introduce memory into human research in a materialized way.Simultaneously,the connotation of urban and rural cultural memory should be clearly defined,and heritage,immigration,and tourism should be adopted as the new themes of cultural memory space research through digital images.