旅游发展背景下双廊古镇客栈语言景观分布特征及演变逻辑

Spatial-Temporal Distribution Characteristics and Evolution Logic of Inn Linguistic Landscape in Shuanglang Ancient Town under the Tourism Development

客栈语言景观作为旅游地文化景观的重要类型,是折射旅游地社会文化现象的窗口。运用半结构访谈与GIS空间分析方法,以2002—2020年云南双廊古镇景区客栈名称为研究对象,探讨客栈语言景观与乡村旅游目的地的互动关系,揭示客栈语言景观的演变过程、特征及其逻辑。研究发现:1)在时间维度上,客栈语言景观经历了从逐渐丰富到衰减再到趋于平稳的发展历程,其中,景观元素范畴占据主导地位;在空间维度上,其呈现为较不均衡的空间结构类型,海街、天生营、老渔港此类临海特征显著的区域是客栈语言景观聚集程度最高的区域。2)双廊客栈语言景观除受市场影响呈现典型听众设计特征外,也受客栈经营者身份的影响而呈现自我意识表达的典型特征。3)在现代性与流动性的综合影响下,双廊古镇景区客栈语言景观的时空演变紧密镶嵌在旅游地营建与消费过程中,客流量的增多、游客对双廊的浪漫想象及旅游移民对自我的思考推动客栈语言景观不断生产出多元范畴;而独特的山水自然环境、有限的生活空间及对商业利益的追求推动着客栈语言景观的空间演变。

Linguistic landscapes,which refer to language and text displayed in public areas with a certain scale or visual impact,have become samples for geographers to conduct multi-type regional research and to examine social and cultural phenomena.In tourist destinations,such landscapes are often found in the form of signs,slogans,and billboards throughout public spaces,helping visitors quickly access information and understand the locale.Inn names are representative linguistic landscapes in rural tourist destinations,embodying operators'profound understanding of place and tourism relationships,reflecting tourists'emotional cognition of the destination.Analyzing their evolution helps to deeply understand the local development process and provides a decision-making reference for future development.This study selects Shuanglang Ancient Town in Dali,Yunnan Province as a case study.Semi-structured interviews,textual analysis,and GIS spatial analysis are adopted to interpret the complex relationship between inn names and local transformation development,attempting to answer how the inn names present spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and adapt to the transformation development of rural tourism destinations.Field investigation revealed that"resident guests"and local Bai ethnic villagers are the producers of the inn's linguistic landscape,following a bottom-up development model,but later indirectly influenced by the government.In the temporal dimension,the inn's linguistic landscape has undergone a development process from gradual enrichment to decline and then to stabilization,with landscape elements dominating.In the spatial dimension,it presents an unbalanced spatial structure,with areas such as Haixia Street,Tianshengying,and Laoyugang featuring significant coastal characteristics and having the highest concentration of the inn's linguistic landscape.The linguistic landscape of Shuanglang inns presents typical audience design characteristics influenced by the market as well as self-expression characteristics influenced by the inn operators'identities.Under the comprehensive influence of modernity and mobility,the spatiotemporal evolution of Shuanglang Ancient Town's inn linguistic landscape is closely embedded in the tourism destination construction and consumption process,with increasing tourist flow,tourists'romantic imagination of Shuanglang,and the selfreflection of migrant tourists driving the production of diverse categories in the linguistic landscape.Meanwhile,the unique natural landscape,limited living space,and pursuit of commercial interests drive the spatial evolution of the inn's linguistic landscape.The rural tourism destination image of"poetry and the distant"is continuously reinforced in the inn's linguistic landscape.In terms of innovation,this study provides new findings for existing research that considers the evolution of tourism destination linguistic landscapes as presenting"audience design"characteristics.Some"counter-market"linguistic landscape evolution characteristics are,in fact,modern people's escape from modernity.However,this behavior is not merely negative;the"warm writing"of the inn's linguistic landscape on living spaces can be regarded as an important practice for their aspirations toward a better life.