乌克兰东正教会与俄乌冲突

Ukrainian Orthodox Church and the Russia-Ukraine Conflict

乌克兰东正教会起源于君士坦丁堡牧首区的基辅都主教区,随着莫斯科公国的崛起,罗斯东正教的中心转移至莫斯科。俄罗斯民族意识觉醒,促使莫斯科教会逐渐摆脱了对拜占庭君士坦丁堡牧首区的依附。俄罗斯东正教会牧首制建立后,基辅都主教区转由莫斯科牧首区管辖,成为俄罗斯东正教会的教规领土。2014年乌克兰危机后,乌国内教会纷争不断,俄罗斯东正教会在乌影响力逐渐下降。2019年新成立的乌克兰东正教会获得自主教会地位,这导致俄东正教会面临失去乌东正教会的风险,东正教会世界的统一被破坏。乌国内政治力量以及俄、美等国也卷入其中,乌克兰东正教会成了大国博弈与乌国内政治角逐之地。2022年2月,俄罗斯将保护乌克兰境内仍然忠于莫斯科圣统的东正教信徒作为对乌采取特别军事行动的部分理由,乌克兰的宗教纷争进一步加剧。

The Ukrainian Orthodox Church originated in the Kiev Metropolitanate of the Patriarchate of Constantinople.With the rise of the Moscow Principality,the center of the Rus Orthodox Church was transferred to Moscow.The awakening of Russian national consciousness prompted the Moscow Church to gradually get rid of its attachment to the Byzantine Patriarchate of Constantinople.After the establishment of the Russian Orthodox Patriarchate,the Kiev Metropolitan Diocese was affiliated with the Moscow Patriarchate and became the canonical territory of the Russian Orthodox Church.After the Ukrainian crisis in 2014 and Crimea's accession to Russia,church disputes increased a lot in Ukraine,and the influence of the Russian Orthodox Church in Ukraine gradually declined.In 2019,the newly established Ukrainian Orthodox Church gained the status of an autonomous church,which caused the Russian Orthodox Church to face the risk of losing the Ukrainian Orthodox Church,and the unity of the Orthodox Church world was destroyed.With the involvement of Ukrainian domestic political forces as well as Russia,the United States and other countries,the Ukrainian Orthodox Church has become a place for games of great powers and Ukrainian domestic political competition.In February 2022,Russia used the protection of Orthodox believers in Ukraine who were still loyal to the Moscow hierarchy as part of the reason for taking special military action against Ukraine.Accordingly,religious disputes in Ukraine were further intensified.