从“两个范畴”到“态射—范畴”:皮亚杰知识建构理论体系再梳理及其教育意义讨论

From"Two Categories"Theory to"Morphism-Category"Theory:A Review of Piaget's Theoretical System of Knowledge Construction and Discussion on Its Educational Implications

任何学习理论都需要清晰的知识建构机制作为底层逻辑,当前较新的成就是基于皮亚杰“两个范畴”说给出的解释,但“两个范畴”的运行过程仍需继续澄清。实际上,皮亚杰晚年提出的“态射—范畴”论解决了这一问题,但因学界未能将“态射—范畴”论与“两个范畴”说之间建立联系,因此该理论仅被视为一个心理学思考而未能对教育产生更多的指导。针对此问题,文章首先对“态射—范畴”论的基本思想进行把握,疏通“态射—范畴”论与“两个范畴”说的关系并借此使其与学习者发展相联结,构建起完整的知识建构机制理论体系,继而将其映射到教育领域,给出了关于知识观、学习观和教学观的新建议。

Any learning theory needs a clear mechanism of knowledge construction as the underlying logic,and the recent achievements are based on the explanation given by Piaget's"two categories"theory,but the operation process of the"two categories"still needs to be clarified.In fact,Piaget solved this problem by putting forward the theory of"morphism-category"in his later years,but since the academic circle failed to establish the connection between"morphism-category"theory and the"two categories"theory,this theory has been only regarded as a psychological reflection and failed to provide more guidance for education.To solve this problem,this paper firstly discusses the basic idea of"morphism-category"theory,unravels the relationship between"morphism-category"theory and"two categories"theory,and thus makes it connect with learner development,and builds a complete theoretical system of knowledge construction mechanism.Then it is mapped to the field of education,and some new suggestions are given for the view of knowledge,learning and teaching.