张居正与明代后期的运河治理及其历史启示

ZHANG Juzheng and the Canal Governance in the Late Ming Dynasty and Its Historical Enlightenment

明代中期以后,黄河不断决口,水灾频仍。河道淤浅,漕运受阻,引起朝廷的高度重视。隆庆年间,为加强运河河运与恢复海运先后采取了许多措施。万历初年,首辅张居正进行了为时十年的改革。通过治黄整淮,专注河运,使河复故道,漕运畅通。这也是促成万历新政的积极因素。杰出的历史人物的产生往往是时代发展的需要,张居正为官、为政的人生经历为后世提供了深刻的历史启示。

After the middle of the Ming Dynasty,the Yellow River continued to burst,causing frequent floods.The river was silted shallow and the water transport was blocked,which aroused the great attention of the imperial court.During the Longqing period,many measures were taken to strengthen canal transport and restore sea transport.In the early years of Wanli,Zhang Juzheng,the chief minister,carried out ten years of reform.By harnessing the Yellow River and regulating the Huaihe River,he focused on river transport,restoring the old river route and smoothing the water transport,which was also a positive factor contributing to the Wanli New Deal.The emergence of outstanding historical figures was often the need of their times.Zhang Juzheng’s life experience as an official and a politician has provided profound historical enlightenment for later generations.