“康德式”建构主义:基于“程序”和“契约”的解读

Kantian Constructivism:An Interpretation Based on"Procedure"and"contract"

“康德式”建构主义是当代政治哲学中的主流证成方案,具有形式性、普遍性和中立性等特征。这种证成基于人的实践理性拟定实践推理之程序,以此对历史、文化所给定的事实加以统摄。该证成方案始于罗尔斯,在罗尔斯政治哲学及其后学的阐发中发展出程序主义和契约主义两种解读方案。前者基于实践推理的程序本身为所建构的原则辩护,后者则把对原则的建构还原为对有待克服的实践困境的描述。这两种方案虽然在“康德式”建构主义的证成体系中具有相对独立性,但本质上则是互为彼此的。程序是实践推理的内在要求,契约则是程序的外在表现。

Kantian constructivism is the mainstream justification scheme in contemporary political philosophy,characterized with formality,universality,and neutrality.This justification is based on the procedure,in which human practical rationality formulates practical reasoning,so as to unify the facts provided by history and culture.This justification scheme was initiated from Rawls(罗尔斯),and such two interpretative schemes as proceduralism and contractualism have developed in the elaboration of Rawlsian political philosophy and its later scholars.The former scheme justifies the principles constructed by the procedure itself on the basis of practical reasoning,while the latter scheme reduces the construction of the principles to the description of a practical dilemma to be overcome.Although these two schemes are relatively independent in the justification system of Kantian constructivism,they are mutually complementary in essence.Procedure is the internal requirement of practical reasoning,while contract is the external manifestation of procedure.