CRISPR/Cas9基因组编辑技术在药用植物中的研究进展

Advances in CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technique and its application in medicinal plants

成簇的规律间隔的短回文重复序列系统(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromicrepeats/CRISPR-associated system,CRISPR/Cas)起源于细菌和古细菌的免疫反应。目前改造的II型CRISPR/Cas9系统是一项突破性的基因组编辑技术,通过引导RNA识别靶基因序列位点实现基因组水平上的DNA序列精准修饰。该项技术已在主要农作物的抗病、抗逆和增产等方面广泛应用,在药用植物有效成分的合成和提高、抗病抗逆等研究中具有广阔的应用潜力。通过对CRISPR/Cas9系统的发现完善、结构和原理及在药用植物中的应用情况等进行综述,为该技术在药用植物研究领域中的推广应用提供参考。

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromicrepeats/CRISPR-associated system(CRISPR/Cas)is an adaptive immune defense system originated from bacteria and archaea.The modified CRISPR/Cas9 system of type II,a transformative genome editing technology,realizes precise modification of DNA sequence at genome level by guiding RNA to identify target gene sequence sites.This technology has been widely used in the disease resistance,stress resistance and yield increase of major cr ops,and has broad application potential in the synthesis and improvement of effective components of medicinal plants,disease res istance and stress resistance research.This review summarizes the discovery refinement,structure and principle of the CRISPR/Cas9 system,and its application in medicinal plants,in order to provide reference for the popularization and application of this technology in the field of medicinal plants research.