柑橘木虱与柑橘黄龙病相关性、暴发原因与防治对策

Outbreak causes and control strategies of the Diaphorina citri and its relation with citrus Huanglongbing

柑橘木虱(Diaphorina citri)是柑橘果园柑橘黄龙病(HLB)传播蔓延最重要的途径。作者对广西永福县近13年以来的柑橘木虱发生进行调查,结合本县历年柑橘黄龙病发生情况进行分析,结果表明,柑橘木虱是柑橘黄龙病发生为害的决定性因素,两者呈正相关性。欠管和失管果园面积增加、异常气候、控梢药剂乱用、果树冬季盖膜防冻、柑橘木虱抗药增强、果园天敌缺乏等6方面主要原因导致柑橘木虱暴发。据此,分析预计2023—2025年柑橘木虱和柑橘黄龙病仍将维持高位发生态势。提出因地制宜地采取综合措施治理柑橘木虱以有效防控柑橘黄龙病,包括做好柑橘产业规划、清除失管果园、增强果树抗性、设置物理阻隔、加强木虱监测和统防统治、改变化学农药的单一使用等模式。

Diaphorina citrus is the major pathway of spreading Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus(CLas)in citrus orchards.The authors analyzed the occurrence of citrus psyllid over the past 13 years in Yongfu County,Guangxi Province.The results showed that citrus psyllid was the critical factor determining the incidence of citrus Huanglongbing(HLB),and there is positive correlation between them.There are 6main reasons affecting the outbreak of citrus psyllid,which were the increased area of under-managed orchards,abnormal weather conditions,improper use of shoot control agents,film covering in winter on fruit trees,increased resistance of citrus psyllid to pesticide,and the lack of biological natural enemies in the orchard.Based on these,we predicted that the incidence of citrus psyllid,as well as citrus HLB,will remain high in the next three years(2023-2025).To effectively prevent the outbreak of citrus HLB,comprehensively measures to control citrus psyllid in accordance with local conditions were proposed,such as planning of the citrus industry scientifically,clearing improper managed orchards,enhancing resistance of fruit trees,blocking the spread of citrus psyllids with physical barriers,strengthening psyllid monitoring,coordinating control measures and giving up the single use of chemical pesticides,etc.