桔小实蝇危害香蕉的田间调查研究

Field investigation of Bactrocera dorsalis infesting banana

在云南省元江县的香蕉园中发现了香蕉果实上有特殊的危害症状。通过采集有危害症状的青香蕉和黄熟香蕉(来自倒伏果穗),解剖观察和培养;将培养的实蝇的卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫进行形态鉴定及成虫分子鉴定;进一步在室内接种成虫进行危害症状的验证及田间开展危害青香蕉的调查。结果表明:香蕉果面上的黑斑为实蝇危害造成,实蝇种类鉴定为桔小实蝇(Bactrocera dorsalis),蕉园中未套袋且成熟度达8成以上(含8成)青香蕉果穗及倒伏黄熟香蕉果实上发现危害症状。本研究报道了青香蕉会受到桔小实蝇的危害,但仅在果面上发现危害症状,果实中未找到虫卵。该虫对香蕉产业的潜在危害应引起足够重视。

It was found that there were special symptoms on bananas in banana orchards of Yuanjiang County,Yunnan Province.The ripe bananas,from lodging fruit clusters,and unripe bananas were collected.The samples were cultured and observed in the laboratory.The fruit fly were reared to adulthood,and the eggs,larvae,pupae and adults were identified based on their morphological characteristics,and the adults were identified by molecular technique.The harmful symptoms were verified by inoculation of fruit fly adults in the laboratory,the damage of unripe bananas were investigated in field.The results showed that the symptoms were caused by fruit fly.The species of fruit fly was identified as Bactrocera dorsalis.The B.dorsalis mainly harmed the banana fruit clusters that had maturity of 80%and more without bagging protection,and harmful symptoms were also found on ripe banana fruit clusters that fell down to ground.This paper reported that unripe bananas were damaged by B.dorsalis,while harmful symptoms were found on the fruit surface only,without any eggs in the fruit.The potential harm of B.dorsalis to the banana industry should be paid enough attention.