2019—2021年四川省11个监测县区乙型病毒性肝炎流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis B in 11 surveillance districts in Sichuan Province from 2019 to 2021

目的了解四川省2019—2021年11个监测县区乙型病毒性肝炎(简称“乙肝”)的流行病学特征,为制定乙肝防控措施和规范乙肝报告提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学分析方法,对中国疾病预防控制信息管理系统导出的2019—2021年四川省11个监测县区乙肝个案病例信息采用SPSS 22.0软件进行流行病学分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果2019—2021年四川省11个监测县区共报告乙肝病例14950例,总发病率为58.19/10万,其中,急性乙肝发病率呈下降趋势,慢性乙肝发病率呈上升趋势。急性乙肝发病率位列前3的地区为盐源县、平昌县和冕宁县,发病率分别为11.00/10万、8.18/10万和8.14/10万。发病以成人为主,主要集中在25~69岁,占报告总数的81.93%。男性发病数明显多于女性,男女性别比2.11∶1。职业分布以农民为主,占总病例数的65.44%。结论2019—2021年四川省乙肝发病率整体呈上升趋势,还需加强相应的防控措施,在提高儿童乙肝疫苗接种率的基础上加强对其他易感人群的免疫接种,并将健康教育与人群免疫结合起来,提高公众乙肝知识知晓率,增强公众自我保护意识。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis B(HBV)in 11 surveillance districts in Sichuan Province from 2019 to 2021,to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of preventive and control measures and standardizing hepatitis B reporting.Methods Descriptive statistics were performed to analyze the case information of hepatitis B in 11 surveillance districts in Sichuan Province from 2019 to 2021,which were collected from the China Disease Control and Prevention Information Management System.SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis,and P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results A total of 14950 cases were reported in 11 Hepatitis B surveillance districts of Sichuan province from 2019 to 2021,the total incidence rate was 58.19/105.The incidence of acute hepatitis B showed an decreasing trend,whereas the incidence of chronic hepatitis B showed an increasing trend.The top three areas of acute hepatitis B incidence were Yanyuan District,Pingchang District,and Mianning District;the corresponding incidence was 11.00/105,8.18/105,8.14/105,respectively.Most cases were adults,mainly in 25 to 69 years,accounting for 81.93%of the total cases.The incidence of male was higher than that of female(2.11∶1).Occupation distribution was mainly farmers,accounting for 65.44%of the total cases.Conclusions The incidence of hepatitis B has been increasing in the past 2019 to 2021 years in Sichuan Province.It is necessary to strengthen the corresponding prevention and control measures,strengthen the immunization of the susceptible populations on the basis of increasing the vaccination rate of children.Immunization and health education should also be combined to improve the public awareness of hepatitis B and enhance public awareness of selfprotection.