肠道微生物:解析神经精神疾病的新视窗

Gut microbiota:a new insight into neuropsychiatric disorders

在过去的十年中,人们越来越认识到肠道微生物的平衡对维持宿主健康有重要作用.大量临床和临床前研究表明,肠道微生物组成改变与多种神经精神疾病有关,如帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病、精神分裂症和抑郁症等,然而其具体机制不清楚.肠道微生物移植可将特定疾病表型从人传递到动物,表明肠道微生物是疾病的重要调节因子.然而基于动物实验的发现是否可以应用到人类,还需进一步研究,肠道微生物调控大脑疾病的相关机制仍待明晰.解析肠-脑轴相互调控关系,将极大地促进基于肠道微生物开发神经精神疾病的诊治新策略.本文综述了肠道微生物参与常见神经精神疾病发病的证据及其作用机制的最新进展,并对其未来在神经精神疾病中的诊断和治疗进行了展望.

In the last decade,it has become increasingly recognized that the balance of gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining health of the host.Numerous clinical and preclinical studies have shown that the changes in gut microbiota composition are associated with a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders,e.g.,Parkinson's disease,Alzheimer's disease,schizophrenia,and depression.However,the underlying molecular mechanisms are complex and remain unclear.The behavioral phenotypes can be transmitted from human to animals through gut microbiota transplantation,indicating that gut microbiota may be an important regulator of neuropsychiatric diseases.However,further researches are needed to determine whether the animal-based findings can be extended to humans,and elucidate all the relevant potential mechanisms of gut microbiota regulating brain diseases.Such researches could help to develop new microbiota-based strategies for diagnosis and treatment,and promote the clinical management of neuropsychiatric diseases.In this paper,we review the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and the corresponding mechanisms in the common neuropsychiatric diseases,and looks forward to its potential role in the diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases in the future.