模式识别受体对肠道菌群稳态的影响

Impact of pattern recognition receptor on the homeostasis of gut microbiota

大量共生微生物定植于人的肠道、肺、皮肤、生殖道等黏膜和屏障器官,与免疫系统和上皮屏障系统存在动态、复杂的相互作用,对维持健康至关重要.共生菌群通过其多种组分和代谢物影响免疫系统的发育和功能,免疫系统则通过多种免疫细胞、免疫因子调控共生菌群的发育、定植和功能.免疫系统包括天然免疫和获得性免疫系统两部分,而天然免疫系统处于和共生微生物互作或响应病原微生物感染的前沿.本文综述了宿主天然免疫系统的模式识别受体(pattern recognition receptor,PRR)的功能缺失或异常对肠道菌群的影响,主要包括炎症小体、NOD样受体(NOD-like receptor,NLR)、Toll样受体(Toll-like receptor,TLR)、C型凝集素受体(C-type lectin receptor,CLR)、维甲酸诱导基因样受体(RIG-I-like receptor,RLR)对肠道菌群的调控,并指出遗传和环境因素在塑造肠道菌群中的协同作用.

Tremendous amount of symbiotic microorganisms colonize the mucosal and barrier organs such as the intestinal tract,lung,skin and reproductive tract.These bugs consistently interact with the host immune system and epithelial barrier in a dynamic way,which is essential for maintaining homeostasis and health.Symbiotic flora affects the development and function of the immune system through its various components and metabolites,and the immune system regulates the development,colonization and function of the symbiotic microorganisms through various immune cells and host factors.The immune system consists of the innate and adaptive immune systems,and the innate immune system is at the forefront of interacting with symbiotic microorganisms or responding to infection by pathogens.This paper reviewed the impact of functional loss or abnormality of pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)in the host innate immune system on intestinal microbiota,mainly including the regulation of gut microbiota by the inflammosomes,NOD-like receptors(NLRs),Toll-like receptors(TLRs),C-type lectin receptors(CLRs)and RIG-I-like receptors(RLRs).The synergistic effect of genetic and environmental factors in shaping the microbiota was also pointed out.