辽东湾北部浅海中浮游植物群落的特征及其与水环境因素的关系

Characteristic of Phytoplankton in Shallow Sea of North of Liaodong Bay and Its Relationship withWater Environment Factors

2018年4月、6月、9月和11月,在辽东湾北部浅海中的6个采样点,采集了浮游植物、水和沉积物样品,测定了水环境指标,研究了浮游植物的群落结构及其与水环境因素的关系。研究结果表明,在6个采样点,共记录2门26属50种浮游植物;浮游植物群落的优势物种为夜光藻(Noctiluca scintillans)和中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)等共22种;9月采样日的浮游植物丰度相对最大;4月、6月、9月和11月采样日,浮游植物群落的Margalef物种丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数值分别变化在1.55~3.93、1.53~3.85和0.42~0.95之间;浮游植物群落优势物种的季节更替率、物种更替指数和迁移指数值分别变化在60.0%~88.2%、34.48%~67.44%和-17.24%~11.63%之间;水温、水体pH、沉积物pH、水体的盐度以及水体中的叶绿素a、化学需氧量、溶解无机氮、溶解氧、硝酸盐氮和氨氮含量与浮游植物群落结构相关,优势物种的丰度与水环境因素关系密切。

The phytoplankton survey was conducted at 6 sampling sites in shallow waters of north of Liaodong Bay in April,June,September and November 2018,where phytoplankton samples were collected and water environment factors were measured;using the survey data,the structure of phytoplankton community and its relationship with water environment factors were studied.The results of the study showed that a total of 50 species of phytoplankton from 2 families and 26 genera were recorded at 6 sampling sites;there were 22 kinds of dominant species of phytoplankton community,including Noctiluca scintillans,Skeletonema costatum and so on;the abundance of phytoplankton in September was relatively maximum;in April,June,September and November,the values of Margalef species richness index,Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index of phytoplankton community varied from 1.55 to 3.93,1.53 to 3.85 and 0.42 to 0.95,respectively;the values of seasonal turnover rate,species turnover index and migration index of dominant species of the phytoplankton community varied.The values of seasonal turnover rate,species turnover index and migration index of dominant species of phytoplankton community varied from 60.0%to 88.2%,34.48%to 67.44%and-17.24%to 11.63%,respectively;water temperature,water pH,sediment pH,salinity of the water column and contents of chlorophyll a,chemical oxygen demand,dissolved inorganic nitrogen,dissolved oxygen,nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen of the water samples were related to the phytoplankton structure,and the abundance of dominant species was closely related to the water environment factors.