崇明东滩典型越冬候鸟生境适宜性研究

Habitat Suitability of TypicalWintering Migratory Birds in Chongming Dongtan

上海崇明东滩是东亚-澳大利西亚候鸟迁徙路线上重要的越冬候鸟栖息地和停歇地。利用1986年至2020年期间10个时期崇明东滩的土地利用数据,根据各类型生境的人类活动干扰程度、食物丰富度、植物覆盖条件和湿润状况的权重和等级分值,估算出越冬候鸟生境适宜性指数(habitat suitability index);采用叠加分析方法,得到越冬候鸟各等级生存区域的面积和分布特征;分析白头鹤(Grus monacha)、灰鹤(Grus grus)、鸿雁(Anser cygnoides)、东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana)、白琵鹭(Platalea leucorodia)和小天鹅(Cygnus columbianus)的种群数量与越冬候鸟各等级生存区域面积之间的关系。研究结果表明,在研究区中,最适宜越冬候鸟生存的区域主要分布在上海崇明东滩鸟类国家级自然保护区中,2020年,该保护区中最适宜越冬候鸟生存的区域面积为32.97 km^(2);次适宜越冬候鸟生存的区域大部分分布在缓冲区中,其次分布在农垦区和保护区中;不适宜越冬候鸟生存的区域主要为保护区中的深水水域;最不适宜越冬候鸟生存的区域主要分布在缓冲区中;2020年,在崇明东滩,最适宜、次适宜、不适宜和最不适宜越冬候鸟生存区域的面积分别为40.28 km^(2)、127.60 km^(2)、348.75 km^(2)和38.40 km^(2)。

The Chongming Dongtan in Shanghai is an important habitat and resting place for wintering migratory birds on the East Asian-Australasian Flyway(EAAF).Based on the land use data of the Chongming Dongtan in 10 periods from 1986 to 2020,the habitat suitability index of wintering migratory birds was estimated according to the weight and grade scores of disturbance degree of human activity,food richness,plant cover condition and moisture condition of each habitat.The superposition analysis method was used to obtain the area and distribution characteristics of each class of living area of wintering migratory birds.The relationship between the number of wintering migratory birds and the living area of each class was analyzed,including Hooded crane(Grus monacha),Common crane(Grus grus),Swan goose(Anser cygnoides),Oriental storks(Ciconia boyciana),Eurasian spoonbill(Platalea leucorodia)and Tundra swan(Cygnus columbianus).The results showed that the most suitable areas for wintering migratory birds were mainly distributed in the Chongming Dongtan Bird National Nature Reserve in Shanghai.In 2020,the area of most suitable for wintering migratory birds was 32.97 km^(2)in the reserve.Most of the sub-suitable areas for wintering migratory were distributed in the buffer zone,followed by agricultural reclamation areas and reserve.The areas that are unsuitable for wintering migratory birds were mainly deep water in the reserve.The most unsuitable areas for wintering migratory birds were mainly distributed in the buffer zone.In 2020,the most suitable,sub-suitable,unsuitable and most unsuitable areas for wintering migratory birds in the Chongming Dongtan were 40.28 km^(2),127.60 km^(2),348.75 km^(2)and 38.40 km^(2)respectively.