青铜峡库区湿地自然保护区滩涂中的大型底栖动物群落的结构特征

Macroinvertebrate Community Structure in Mudflats of Qingtongxia Reservoir AreaWetland Nature Reserve

于2021年3月30日(春季)和6月20日(夏季),在青铜峡库区湿地自然保护区中的自然滩涂和恢复滩涂(由养殖池塘恢复的滩涂)的8个采样点,采集了大型底栖动物和水样品,研究大型底栖动物群落的结构,分析大型底栖动物群落结构与水环境因素的关系。研究结果表明,在自然滩涂和恢复滩涂中,共记录3门5纲11目19科42种大型底栖动物;摇蚊属一种(Chironomus sp.)和中华小长臂虾(Palaemoneetes sinensis)是自然滩涂和恢复滩涂中共有的优势物种;3月30日,恢复滩涂中的大型底栖动物群落的生物量和物种丰富度大于自然滩涂,6月20日,自然滩涂中大型底栖动物群落的生物量和物种丰度大于恢复滩涂;两个采样日自然滩涂与恢复滩涂中的大型底栖动物群落结构无显著差异;3月30日,大型底栖动物群落中优势物种密度的主要影响因素是水体中的总磷含量、溶解氧含量、水深、铵根离子含量和透明度;6月20日,大型底栖动物群落中优势物种密度的主要影响因素是水体中的化学需氧量、总磷含量、铵根离子含量、水深和透明度;恢复滩涂与自然滩涂中的大型底栖动物群落结构和分布都很相似。

Macroinvertebrates and water samples were collected from the natural mudflats and restored mudflats of Qingtongxia Reservoir Area Wetland Nature Reserve on March 30(spring)and June 20(summer)in 2021 to investigate the macroinvertebrate and to assess the relationship between the physicochemical parameters and macroinvertebrate community structure.The results showed that macroinvertebrate of 42 species,belonging to 19 families,11 orders,5 classes,and 3 phyla were obtained in the natural mudflats and restored mudflats.Chironomus sp.and Palaemoneetes sinensis were the dominant species shared by the natural mudflats and restored mudflats;the macroinvertebrate community in the restored mudflats on spring sampling day was higher than that in the nature mudflats wetlands.The biomass and species richness of macroinvertebrates communities in the restored mudflats were higher than those in the natural mudflats on spring sampling day,and the opposite result on summer sampling day.The results of macroinvertebrates community diversity index and Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis showed that there was no significant difference in macroinvertebrate community structure between the natural mudflats and restored mudflats on spring and summer sampling days.The main physicochemical parameters affecting density of dominant species of macroinvertebrate community on spring sampling day were total phosphorus,dissolved oxygen and water depth,while on summer sampling day,the main parameters were conductivity,water depth and total nitrogen.The structure and distribution of macroinvertebrates communities in restored mudflats and natural mudflats were similar,and returning aquaculture pond to wetland was an effective measure to restore diversity of macroinvertebrates community.