达里湖与五大连池和镜泊湖鱼类多样性比较研究

Comparative Study on Fish Diversity between Dali Lake and Wudalianchi Lake,Jingpo Lake

达里湖、五大连池和镜泊湖是分别位于内蒙古高原、长白山和小兴安岭地区不同自然地理带的熔岩堰塞湖。参考相关研究的文献资料,分析和比较了达里湖、五大连池和镜泊湖的鱼类多样性特征。研究结果表明,达里湖、五大连池和镜泊湖中的鱼类群落物种数量分别为12种、50种和63种;3座湖泊中的鱼类都以鲤形目(Cypriniformes)鲤科(Cyprinidae)鱼类为主,其次为鳅科(Cobitidae)鱼类,这与中国内陆鱼类组成的特点相似;凌源鮈(Gobio lingyuanensis)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、北鳅(Lefua costata)、泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)和达里湖高原鳅(Triplophysa dalaica)只在达里湖中分布;达里湖、五大连池和镜泊湖中的鱼类都包括冷水种和特有种,达里湖、五大连池和镜泊湖中的冷水种数量分别为5种、8种和14种,3座湖泊的共有冷水种为瓦氏雅罗鱼(Leuciscus waleckii waleckii)和北方花鳅(Cobitis granoei),其特有种数量分别为2种、1种和4种;与达里湖不同,五大连池和镜泊湖中还分布有鱼类濒危物种和鲑科(Salmonoidae)鱼类;达里湖、五大连池和镜泊湖中的土著鱼类群落分别由5个、6个和7个区系生态类群构成,其中,江河平原、北方平原和新近纪区系生态类群为共有类群,中亚高山区系生态类群为达里湖中土著鱼类群落的独有类群;达里湖中鱼类群落的物种结构多样性和复杂性水平都低于五大连池和镜泊湖;达里湖中的鱼类群落与五大连池、镜泊湖中的鱼类群落的关联性差,而五大连池中的鱼类群落与镜泊湖中的鱼类群落的关联性较好;只有五大连池和镜泊湖的鱼类群落中有濒危物种;达里湖、五大连池和镜泊湖鱼类特有种的分布规律与中国内陆鱼类特有种的分布规律大致相符。

Dali Lake,Wudalianchi Lake and Jingpo Lake are lava barrier lakes in located in different physical geographic zones of the Inner Mongolia Plateau,Changbai Mountain and Xiaoxing'an Mountains.Referring to relevant research literature,this paper analyzed and compared the characteristics of fish diversity of Dali Lake,Wudalianchi Lake,and Jingpo Lake.The results showed that the species numbers of fish communities in Dali Lake,Wudalianchi Lake and Jingpo Lake were 12,50,and 63 species,respectively;the fish in the 3 lakes were mainly Cypriniformes and Cyprinidae,followed by Cobitidae,which was similar to the characteristics of fish composition of Chinese inland;Gobio lingyuanensis,Carassius auratus,Lefua costata,Misgurnus anguillicaudatus,and Triplophysa dalaica were only distributed in Dali Lake;the fish in Dali Lake,Wudalianchi Lake,and Jingpo Lake all included cold water species and endemic species.The number of cold water species in Dali Lake,Wudalianchi Lake,and Jingpo Lake was 5,8 and 14 species,respectively.The common cold water species in 3 lakes were Leuciscus waleckii waleckii and Cobitis granoei,with the number of endemic species being 2,1,and 4 species,respectively;unlike Dali Lake,there were also endangered fish species and Salmonoidae in Wudalianchi Lake and Jingpo Lake;the indigenous fish communities in Dali Lake,Wudalianchi Lake,and Jingpo Lake were composed of 5,6,and 7 species,faunal ecological groups respectively.Among them,the River Plain,Northern Plain,and Neogene Faunal Ecological Groups were common ecological gropus,while the Subalpine Fcological Groups in Central Asia were unique to the indigenous fish communities in Dali Lake;the species structure diversity and complexity level of fish community in Dali Lake were lower than those in Wudalianchi Lake and Jingpo Lake;the correlation between fish communities in Dali Lake and those in Wudalianchi Lake and Jingpo Lake was poor,while the correlation between fish communities Wudalianchi Lake and those in Jingpo Lake was good;only the fish communities of Wudalianchi Lake and Jingpo Lake had endangered species;the distribution patterns of endemic fish species in Dali Lake,Wudalianchi Lake and Jingpo Lake were generally consistent with the distribution pattern of endemic fish species of Chinese inland.