食品中赭曲霉毒素样品前处理及其检测方法研究进展

Advances in sample pretreatment and detection methods of ochratoxin in foods

赭曲霉毒素广泛存在于谷物、葡萄和咖啡等众多食品中,具有极强的肝肾毒性和致畸、致癌作用,可经食物链传播效应累积在人体血液及内脏中,对人类健康造成巨大威胁。因此有必要建立食品中快速、灵敏的赭曲霉毒素分析方法,保障食品安全、维护人类的健康。食品基质复杂多样,且赭曲霉毒素在样品中含量极低,检测前需要高效的前处理技术对目标物进行分离和富集。本文总结了基于分子印迹材料、纳米石墨烯、生物材料、磁性纳米材料等新型分离介质的液相萃取、QuEChERS、固相萃取、免疫亲和层析和场辅助提取(微波辅助提取、磁性固相萃取、超声辅助提取)等前处理技术,综述了色谱法、免疫分析法和生物传感器在食品中赭曲霉毒素分析中的应用,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。

Ochratoxin exits extensively in cereals,grapes,coffee and many other foods,and it shows extremely strong hepatorenal toxicity,teratogenic and carcinogenic effects,which can accumulate in human blood and viscera through food chain transmission effects with a huge threat to human health.Therefore,it is essential and urgent to develop preferable sample pretrentment and establish rapid and sensitive analytical methods for detecting ochratoxin in order to ensure food safety and maintain human health.Efficient pretreatment technology is required to separate and enrich the targets before detection,because of the complexity of food matrix and low content of ochratoxin.This paper summarized pretreatment technologies such as liquid phase extraction,QuEChERS,solid phase extraction,immunoaffinity chromatography and field-assisted extraction(microwave assisted extraction,magnetic solid phase extraction,ultrasonic assisted extraction)based on novel separation media such as molecular imprinted materials,nanographenes,biomaterials and magnetic nanomaterials,reviewed the application of chromatography,immunoassay and biosensor in the analysis of ochratoxin in food,and prospected its development trend.