爱之深,责之切:社会距离对决策影响的情感差异

The Deeper the Love is,the Higher the Expectation will be:The Differences of Affection and Mechanism of Social Distance on Decision-making

基于建构水平理论和调节焦点理论,从情感差异角度出发,探讨社会距离对社会决策的影响效果以及心理和认知神经影响机制,可以发现,在心理层面,当近社会距离时个体决策表现出受情感驱动的个体对对方遵守社会规范的期待更高的“爱之深,责之切”的特点。在认知神经层面、时间层面上,社会距离对决策的影响分为注意和评估两个阶段,注意阶段的P2、P300成分和认知评估阶段的MFN、oFRN成分是社会距离影响决策过程中的重要指标;在空间层面上,面对不同的社会距离个体,个体在认知加工过程中激活的脑区表现出特异性和层次性的特点。

The research in the literature from the perspective of affection reveals that when the social distance is close,the individual decision shows that when the love is deeper,the expectation will be higher.On the one hand,people tend to do effective decision-making and be more considerate and caring to close ones.On the other hand,people have higher expectations for the closer ones.Based on construal level theory and regulatory-focus theory,the psychological mechanisms are reviewed thoroughly in this essay.Furthermore,the latest evidence from ERPs and fMRI also indicated that the effect has two phases in temporal,namely attention and evaluation.During the attention,when interacting with a socially close one,P2 and P300 component showed significant activation,and an unfair treatment from a friend will stimulate a more positive p300 component.And when people evaluating the consequences,the mistreatment from socially close ones will activate more significant MFN and oFRN,which are related to negative feedback.Spatially,the active brain region shows both the specificity and hierarchy.