数字化转型与企业出口“提质增量”

Digital Transformation and"Improve the Quality and Quantity"of Enterprise Export

文章基于多目的国、多产品异质性贸易理论模型,利用2001~2015年中国上市公司和海关数据库匹配数据,构建企业数字化转型指标,考察了数字化转型对企业出口规模和出口产品质量的影响及作用机制。结果表明:企业数字化转型能够促进企业出口规模扩张,提高出口产品质量。就影响机制而言,数字化转型能够通过提升企业生产效率、降低运营成本、提高出口产品和出口目的国多样性带动企业出口规模的提升,同时能够通过促进企业创新、提高企业出口产品技术复杂度实现出口产品质量的提升。异质性分析发现,数字化转型对私企、外企、技术密集型企业和东部地区企业的出口规模和出口产品质量具有明显的促进作用,而对国企、资本密集型、劳动密集型和中西部地区企业的促进作用不明显,且相对于出口到发达国家,企业数字化转型对出口到发展中国家的规模和产品质量提升作用更明显。

Based on the theoretical model of multi destination country and multi product heterogeneous trade,using the matching data of China's listed companies and customs databases from 2001 to 2015,this paper uses text analysis to extract the keywords in the annual report of enterprises,constructs the indicators of enterprise digital transformation,and examines the impact and mechanism of digital transformation on enterprise export scale and export product quality.The results show that the digital transformation of enterprises can promote the expansion of enterprises'export scale and improve the quality of export products.As far as the impact mechanism is concerned,the digital transformation of enterprises can promote the export scale of enterprises by improving the production efficiency of enterprises,reducing operating costs,and improving the diversity of export products and export destination countries.At the same time,it can improve the quality of export products by promoting enterprise innovation and improving the technical complexity of enterprises'export products.In terms of heterogeneity analysis,digital transformation has a significant role in promoting the export scale and quality of export products of private enterprises,foreign enterprises,technology intensive enterprises and enterprises in the eastern region,while it does not play a significant role in promoting state-owned enterprises,capital intensive enterprises,labor intensive enterprises and enterprises in the central and western regions,and is relative to exporting to developed countries.The digital transformation of enterprises plays a more significant role in improving the scale and product quality of exports to developing countries.