建构与边缘:近代中国古籍保护立法研究

Construction and Marginalization:A Study on the Legislation of Ancient Book Protection in Modern China

近代中国动荡的社会环境对文物古迹的保护与保存造成很大破坏,由此开启了文物保护的立法之路。一方面吸收西方文物保护经验,为我国文物保护立法和实践作出了很大贡献;另一方面过分因袭西方制度使得中国的文物保护制度脱离时代和民族性。在制度的建构过程中,作为古物中最为特殊也十分珍贵的古籍图书,在近代相关立法中逐渐边缘化,其中的原因既包括国际公约中对可移动文物保护的缺失,又有国内相关法规和文物管理缺乏制度上的延续。当时,几乎每一个政权和有识之士,都为古籍保护进行制度完善和立法努力,这既是古籍本身的文物价值、艺术价值、学术价值和社会价值的体现,也是中华民族生存发展的精神和情怀,应该传承接续下去。

The turmoil and war in modern China caused great damage to cultural relics and historic sites,which opened the road of legislation for cultural relics protection.On one hand,it draws upon the experience of Western cultural relics protection,which leaves a positive impact on Chinese cultural relics protection legislation and practice.On the other hand,excessive imitation derails the system from the times and national character.The ancient books,as the most special and precious among the cultural relics,were gradually marginalized in the process of system construction,partly due to the lack of protection of“movable cultural relics”in international conventions,and partly due to the lack of institutional continuity in legislative content and cultural relics management institutions at that time.In turbulent modern China,every regime and people of insights made institutional improvement and legislative efforts for the protection of ancient books that are not only the embodiment of cultural value,artistic value,academic value and social value,but also stand for the spirit and emotions of national development.We should inherit and carry on such efforts.