类器官研究进展及其在乳腺癌中的应用

Progress of organoid research and its application in breast cancer

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤,发病率逐年升高,严重威胁女性生命健康。基于乳腺癌细胞异质性和个体间肿瘤微环境的差异,不同乳腺癌患者表现出不同特征。因此,乳腺癌的个性化诊疗就显得尤为重要。乳腺癌类器官培养是一种新兴的三维细胞培养模式,来源于有组织分化能力的干细胞或器官祖细胞,能够在体外保持来源组织的结构和功能。与传统的细胞培养方法相比,乳腺癌类器官很大程度保留了肿瘤细胞的异质性,为乳腺癌的研究和诊治创造了良好的模型,尤其在乳腺癌的机制研究、药物筛选、个体化方案治疗等方面,有着广泛的应用前景。本文主要就近年来人类乳腺癌类器官的研究与应用发展情况予以综述,并就其应用前景进行展望。

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women.The incidence of breast cancer is increasing year by year,which seriously threatens women's life and health.Based on the heterogeneity of breast cancer cells and the differences in tumor microenvironment between individuals,breast cancer shows different characteristics in different patients.Therefore,personalized diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer is particularly important.Organoid culture of breast cancer is an emerging three-dimensional cell culture model,derived from stem cells or organ progenitor cells with tissue differentiation ability,which can maintain the structure and function of the source tissue in vitro.Compared with the traditional cell culture method,breast cancer organoids retain the heterogeneity of tumor cells to a large extent,which creates a good model for the research,diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer,especially in the mechanism of breast cancer research,drug screening,individualized treatment and other aspects,and has a wide range of application prospects.In this paper,the research and application development of human breast cancer organoids in recent years are reviewed,and the prospect of their application is proposed.