多发性骨髓瘤发病机制及治疗的研究进展

Progress in Pathogenesis and Treatment of Multiple Myeloma

多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)是克隆性浆细胞异常增殖性疾病,发病机制复杂,具有高度异质性。染色体易位、非整倍体、基因突变、骨髓微环境和表观遗传学异常是疾病发生和发展的关键。近几十年来,随着MM生物学特性研究不断深入,其治疗模式发生了显著的改变。随着蛋白酶体抑制剂、免疫调节剂、单克隆抗体、嵌合抗原受体T细胞(CAR-T)疗法和新药物的研发,MM患者的生存和预后发生了里程碑式的改变。本文将对MM发病机制和治疗的研究进展进行综述。

Multiple myeloma(MM)is an abnormal proliferative disease of clonal plasma cells with complex pathogenesis and high heterogeneity.Chromosomal translocation,aneuploidy,gene mutation,bone marrow microenvironment and epigenetic abnormalities are the keys to the occurrence and progression of the disease.In recent decades,with the deepening of research on the biological characteristics of MM,its treatment mode has changed significantly.With the development of proteasome inhibitors,immunomodulators,monoclonal antibodies,chimeric antigen receptor T cell(CAR-T)therapies and new drugs,the survival and prognosis of patients with MM have been transformed by milestones.This article will review the research progress in the pathogenesis and treatment of MM.