清季士人群体的科场书写及其“停科”效应研究

The Intellectual Group's Writing in Civil Examination Hall and Its Abolition Effect on the Civil Examination during Late Qing Dynasty

清季议改与议废科举的知识群体,尚有正在通过科举渠道晋升的士人。这些应试士子并非惯常认为的仅是被动和消极接受相关政令,而是以科场书写的方式参与到科举改废进程当中。清廷废除科举这一通常被视为“鲁莽灭裂”的举措,从光绪辛丑科举“改章”及督抚提议科举“中额递减”,到甲辰之际“中额递减”的适时出台和科举停废决策的正式启动,呈现出一条紧凑且又渐进的演化脉络。清季士人群体的科场书写不仅客观配合督抚科举“减额”提议的落地生根,其效应还延续至科举废除之后,具有超越科场本身并在远端触及政治决策和社会思想的言外之用。

The knowledge communities,discussing and suggesting the reform and abolition of civil examination during late Qing Dynasty,still included intellectuals who were being promoted through the examination channel.These candidates actively participate in the form of writing on the paper and didn't passively accept relevant government decrees as researchers usually thought.The abolition of examination is usually regarded as a reckless move,but actually there was a compact and advancing gradually evolutionary context if studying from the central reform of examination in Xinchou and governors'proposal of derating design on examination,to the introduction of derating design policy and the launch of central decision-making on abolition of examination about Jiachen.The intellectual group's writing not only objectively cooperated with the governors'proposal of derating design to take root and produce actual result,and its effect also continued after the abolition of examination and had the illocutionary use beyond examination that touched the political decision-making and social thought.