数据要素流通规则的思考与探索——以产业数据为视角

Thoughts and Exploration on the Data Element Circulation Rules-From the Perspective of Industrial Data

数字化进程的加速推进将在供给端产生和沉淀更大量级、更高密度的产业数据,我国在这一时期提出将数据纳入生产要素并参与市场分配的重要决策,是优化资源配置,激发数字经济活力的必然要求。我国目前数据权属的制度安排侧重于静态的权利保护,导致市场秩序的可期待性降低。大部分工业数据流通集中于企业内部,外部数据流通不活跃,数据孤岛现象普遍。构建流通态中的数据权利框架:一方面应当遵循产业应用的实际需求,符合数据价值实现的基本路径;另一方面可借鉴土地、资本、技术等生产要素流通中的成熟制度,淡化所有权转移,以保障收益为基点,构建产业数据流通的确权、用权和责任规则。

The acceleration of the digital process will produce and precipitate a large number of industrial data with higher level and higher density at the supply side.During this period,China put forward the important decision of inte⁃grating data into production factors and participating in market distribution,which is an inevitable requirement to opti⁃mize resource allocation and stimulate the vitality of digital economy.The current institutional arrangement of data ownership in China focuses on the static protection of rights,which leads to the reduction of the predictability of mar⁃ket order.Most of the industrial data circulation is concentrated inside the enterprise,the external data circulation is not active,and the phenomenon of data island is common.To build a data rights framework in circulation,on the one hand,we should follow the actual needs of industrial applications and conform to the basic path of data value realiza⁃tion,on the other hand,we can learn from the mature systems in the circulation of land,capital,technology and other production factors,dilute the transfer of ownership,and build the rules of confirmation,use and responsibility of indus⁃trial data circulation based on the protection of income.