外燃波转子压力交换技术发展综述

An overview on development of external-combustion wave rotor pressure exchange technology

外燃波转子利用端口启闭触发形成的非定常压力波来进行高效能量转换,具有广泛的应用前景。本文分析了外燃波转子内部流场的典型结构,回顾了国内外性能试验的重要成果,总结了其用于燃气轮机增压的优势与挑战。指出在端口渐开渐闭、转静间隙泄漏、离心力与科氏力加速、固体壁面传热等的影响下,流场结构呈现多维特征,且形成的泄漏损失占比最大;在模型试验条件下,可以获得15%~30%的压力收益,以及70%~85%的压缩效率;与燃气轮机联合使用时,具有通流自冷却、稳态性能突出、动态响应优异、尺寸效应不明显等优点,但需要攻克紧凑式总体结构设计、高性能外燃波转子设计、宽工况波系结构控制、低损失过渡段设计、复合损失抑制等难题。

The external-combustion wave rotor utilizes the unsteady pressure wave formed by the opening and clos-ing of the ports to perform high-efficiency energy conversion,which has a wide range of application prospects.The typical structures of internal flow field of the external combustion wave rotor are analyzed,the global important re-sults of performance tests are reviewed,and the advantages and challenges of supercharging gas turbine are summa-rized.It is pointed out that under the influence of port gradual opening and closing,circumferential clearance leak-age,centrifugal force and Coriolis force acceleration,and solid wall heat transfer,the internal flow field structure presents multi-dimensional characteristics,and the leakage loss accounts for the largest proportion.Under model test condition,a pressure gain of 15%~30%and a compression efficiency of 70%~85%can be obtained when used in conjunction with a gas turbine,it has the advantages of through-flow self-cooling,outstanding steady-state performance,excellent dynamic response and insignificant size effect.However,it is necessary to overcome the bottlenecks such as compact overall stricture design,high performance wave rotor design,wide operating condition wave system structure control,low-loss transition duct design,and compound loss suppression.