唐代西北部族“黑车子”考

Textual Research on Hei Che Zi which was One of the Northwest Tribes in the Tang Dynasty

《会昌一品集》记载的黑车子,在东北兴安岭一带活动,即后来《辽史》中的黑车子室韦,属于古蒙古语族部落。敦煌出土藏文P.t.1283藏文地理文书中的ga-ra-gan-lig(qara qanglïlïγ/qara qanglïγ,黑车子),早期在叶尼塞河流域活动,是叶尼塞碑铭记录的康里族的一支,操古代突厥语。qara qanglïlïγ/qara qanglïγ黑车子族约在8世纪后期被回鹘征服,后成为回鹘的附属部族之一。qara qanglïlïγ/qara qanglïγ黑车子族与黑车子室韦是分属古突厥语族和古蒙古语族的不同部落,二者不应被相互混淆。

Hei Che Zi(黑车子)was recorded in Hui Chang Yi Pin Ji(《会昌一品集》)and was living in the Xing’an Mountains in the northeast region of China.They were named Hei Che Zi Shi Wei(黑车子室韦)in Liao Shi(《辽史》)and was classified Mongolian tribes.But a geographical document(No.1283)in Tibetan character excavated in Dunhuang shows ga-raga-lig(qara qanglïlïγ/qara qanglïγ,Hei Che Zi)lived in the Yeni‐sei River basin in the early days.It should be a member of the Kangli nation(康里族)recorded in the Yenisei in‐scription and speak ancient Turkic language.The qara qanglïlïγ/qara qanglïγ/Hei Che Zi tribe was conquered by the Uighurs(回鹘)in the late 8th century and became one of the affiliated tribes of Uighur.This paper insists that qara qanglïlïγ/qara qanglïγ/Hei Che Zi tribe and Hei Che Zi Shi Wei were different tribes,the former tribe be‐longed to Turkic and the latter tribe belonged to Mongolian.Both of them should not be confused with each other.