孕早期营养干预对妊娠期糖尿病高危妇女糖脂代谢指标及胎儿预后的影响分析

Influence of Nutrition Intervention in Early Pregnancy on Glycolipid Metabolism Indexes and Fetal Prognosis of Women at High Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

目的分析孕早期营养干预在妊娠糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)高危妇女中的应用效果及对糖脂代谢指标、胎儿预后情况的影响。方法选取2020年8月—2022年8月期间在福建省立医院建档的78例GDM高危患者为研究对象,根据干预方式不同将其分为观察组(40例)和对照组(38例),对照组接受常规干预,观察组在其基础上接受孕早期营养干预,比较两组患者的营养指标、糖脂代谢指标、妊娠情况及胎儿预后情况。结果干预后,观察组的血清白蛋白(ALB)、转铁蛋白(TRF)、纤维连接蛋白(FN)、体质指数(BMI)等营养指标水平,空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)等糖脂代谢指标水平低于对照组,观察组不良母婴结局发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论孕早期营养干预对改善GDM高危产妇营养指标、控制糖脂代谢情况、改善妊娠结局及胎儿预后均有积极意义。

Objective To analyze the application effect of nutrition intervention in early pregnancy in women at high risk of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM),and its influence on glycemic and lipid metabolism indexes and fetal prognosis.Methods 78 patients with high risk of GDM recorded in the Fujian Provincial Hospital from August 2020 to August 2022 were selected as the research objects,and were divided into observation group(40 cases)and control group(38 cases)according to different intervention methods.The control group received routine intervention,and the observation group received nutrition intervention in early pregnancy.The nutritional indexes,glucose and lipid metabolism indexes,pregnancy status and fetal prognosis were compared between the two groups.Results After intervention,the levels of serum albumin(ALB),transferrin(TRF),fibronectin(FN),body mass index(BMI)and other nutritional indexes,fasting blood glucose(FPG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG)and other carbohydrate-lipid metabolic indexes in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and the incidence of adverse outcomes in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Nutrition intervention in early pregnancy has positive significance in improving nutritional indexes,controlling glucose and lipid metabolism,improving pregnancy outcome and fetal prognosis of high-risk women with GDM.