城市“达标仍烦恼”开放区域声环境质量评价指标研究

Study on Evaluation Indexes of Acoustic Environment Quality in Urban Open Space Areas of"Conform to Standard but Annoying"

大部分城市区域居住环境为2类声功能区,昼间声级在60 d B以内,尽管能被2类区中大部分人接受,但还有部分人在该类声环境中有烦恼的感觉,这被称为“达标仍烦恼”现象。为了找出该现象背后的声学原理,即人群的烦恼度与等效A声级以及其他声学特征的内在联系,从人群主观感知角度出发,针对人口、交通密集型城市开放空间“达标仍烦恼”区域声环境质量评价开展研究,拓展现有单一A声级评价指标,确定“达标仍烦恼”区域的声级区间以及影响该区域声环境质量评价的“烦恼指标”。基于对上海市整体开放空间声环境主观满意度评价结果中的烦恼度区间划分,结合前期研究得到的5个独立声环境客观特征参量:等效连续A声级LA、噪声中值与环境本底值的差值L50-L90、A声级与C声级的差值LC-LA、波动度F以及尖锐度S等,得到城市“达标仍烦恼”区域LA的区间,即LA∈[53.6,60],并构建上海市2类声环境功能区“达标仍烦恼”区域“特征参量-主观满意度”样本集。进而,采用Pearson相关系数定量评估5种特征量对人群声主观感知的影响,筛选出3个“有效特征参量”:LA、L50-L90以及S,并基于其与满意度Sat的相关系数,计算出它们影响“主观满意度”的权重系数为0.46,0.41以及0.14。研究结果表明,城市整体声环境质量主观评价“有效特征参量”适用于“达标仍烦恼”区域,其中,LA和L50-L90是影响“达标仍烦恼”区域声环境质量的“烦恼指标”,在该烦恼声级区间[53.6,60]内,L50-L90指标对人群主观烦恼度的影响程度与LA相当。研究可为城市“达标仍烦恼”区域声环境质量的精准评估和管控提供有效的技术支持,并且可为后期在LA难以被进一步降低的情况下,通过降低区域声环境的L50-L90改善该类区域声环境质量指出研究方向。

Most living environments in urban areas belong to the class 2 sound functional areas,and the sound level in the daytime is within 60 dB.Statistical results show that although most people in the class 2 functional areas can accept it,some people feel annoyed in this kind of acoustic environment,which is called the phenomenon of"conform to standard but annoying".In order to find out the acoustic principle of this phenomenon,that is,the internal relationship between the annoyance of the crowd and A sound level and other acoustic characteristics,this paper studies the acoustic environment quality evaluation in urban open space areas of"conform to standard but annoying"with dense population and dense traffic from the perspective of the subjective perception of the crowd,expands the existing single sound level evaluation index,and determines the range of sound level and the"annoyed indexes"affecting the acoustic environment quality evaluation of the"conform to standard but annoying"areas.Based on the annoyance interval division of the subjective satisfaction evaluation results of the acoustic environment of the overall open space in Shanghai,combined with the five independent objective characteristics of acoustic environment obtained in the previous study,including equivalent continuous A sound level(LA),the difference between median noise and ambient background noise(L50-L90),the difference between A-level and C-level(LC-LA),fluctuation(F)and Sharpness(S),the interval of LA of urban"conform to standard but annoying"areas is obtained,i.e.,LA∈[53.6,60].The sample set of"characteristic parameters"-"subjective satisfaction"of the"conform to standard but annoying"areas in the class 2 sound functional areas in Shanghai is constructed.Furthermore,Pearson correlation coefficient is used to quantitatively evaluate the correlation between five characteristic parameters and subjective acoustic perception of the crowd,and three"effective characteristic parameters",such as LA,L50-L90 and S,are screened out.Based on the correlation coefficients between three characteristics and satisfaction index Sat,the weight coefficients of three"effective characteristic parameters"affecting the"subjective satisfaction"are further calculated to be 0.46,0.41 and 0.14.The research results show that the"effective characteristic parameters"of subjective evaluation of the overall urban acoustic environment quality are also applicable to the"conform to standard but annoying"areas.Among them,LA and L50-L90 are the"annoyed indexes"affecting the acoustic environment quality of the areas of"conform to standard but annoying".Within the annoyed sound level interval[53.6,60],the impact of indicator L50-L90 on the subjective annoyance of the crowd is equivalent to LA.This study will provide an effective technical support for the accurate assessment and control of the acoustic environment quality in the urban areas of"conform to standard but annoying",and provide a research direction for improving the acoustic environment quality of such areas by reducing L50-L90 of the regional acoustic environment in the later stage when it is difficult to further reduce LA.