肉质黑孢孔菌生物学特性、驯化栽培及急性毒性

Biological characteristics,cultivation and acute toxicity ofAmylosporus succulentus

以采自河北省燕山地区的一株野生食用菌肉质黑孢孔菌Amylosporus succulentus经组织分离得到的菌丝体为实验材料,对其菌丝体营养特性和环境特性进行了研究,对其适宜的原种、母种和栽培种培养基进行了筛选,经驯化栽培成功出菇。通过单因素试验和正交试验筛选,得出适合肉质黑孢孔菌菌丝生长的最优配方为:可溶性淀粉1.80%,酵母浸粉0.25%,硫酸镁0.15%,磷酸二氢钾0.30%,琼脂2.00%。适宜肉质黑孢孔菌菌丝生长的温度为31–34℃,pH为4.5–5.5,光照条件为黑暗。适合肉质黑孢孔菌培养的母种培养基为玉米粉培养基,原种培养基为小米培养基。栽培袋接种后30–60 d满袋,5–10 d后现原基,6–11 d原基分化成子实体。高产栽培料配方为玉米芯+棉籽壳培养基,配方为:玉米芯39%,棉籽壳39%,石膏1%,葡萄糖1%;其第一潮菇产量为106.9 g/袋,生物学效率为66.81%。急性经口毒性试验表明:在给予小鼠最大给药量为4612.4 mg/kg情况下,肉质黑孢孔菌无明显急性中毒的危险性。

The nutritional and environmental characteristics of a wild Amylosporus succulentus strain,collected from Yanshan area of Hebei Province were studied.The suitable medium for its stock culture,mother spawn,and spawn were screened,and the mushroom was successfully domesticated.Through single factor test and orthogonal test screening,the optimized culture medium formula for the mycelial growth was obtained as follows:soluble starch 1.80%,yeast extract powder 0.25%,magnesium sulfate 0.15%,potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.30%,agar 2.00%.The mycelia suitably grow at 31–34℃and pH 4.5–5.5 under dark condition.The suitable stock culture and mother spawn media were corn flour medium and millet medium respectively.Mycelial sackful cultivation needs 30–60 days after inoculation.The primordia appeared 5–10 days later,and differentiated into fruit bodies after 6–11 days.The high-yielding substrate for commercialized cultivation was formulated as follows:corncob 39%,cottonseed shell 39%,gypsum 1%,glucose 1%.The yield of the first fruiting stage was 106.9 g/bag,and the biological efficiency was 66.81%.The acute oral toxicity test showed that there was no obvious risk of acute poisoning caused by A.succelentus when the maximum dosage was 4612.4 mg/kg in mice.