明清沿海卫所道教宫观运作与地方互动--以温州金乡卫为例

The Operation of Coastal Wei-Suo Taoist Temples and Local interaction in Ming and Qing Dynasties--Taking Wenzhou Jinxiangwei as an Example

卫所的宗教信仰一直处于动态的变化之中,在明清国家与地方的互动中,受到国家典章、人群流动、地方治乱等因素的影响,从而呈现出复杂而多元的面向。沿海卫所道教宫观的日常运作往往由本地道士负责,统属于府县道纪、道会司来进行监督和管理。随着海防压力的陡增和卫所军力的衰颓,本地道士逐渐掌握了宫观的控制权。进入清代,在新的制度背景下,这些道教宫观的“卫所”色彩已经褪去,与城外府县的宫观并无二致,完全融入地方道教的传承系统之中。

The religious belief of the Wei-Suo has been in a dynamic changing process.In the interaction between the state and the local in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,it presented a complex and diverse orientation,influenced by the national laws and regulations,the flow of people,the local governance and other factors.The daily operation of Taoist temples in Wei-Suo was usually in the charge of local Taoists,which was under the supervision and management of Daoji and Daohui Department of the prefecture and county.With the rapid increase of the coastal defense pressure and the decline of the strength of the garrison,the local Taoists gradually controlled the palace.The color of these Taoist temples“Wei Suo”had faded away under the new system background,which was the same as the temples in the counties outside the city,and fully integrated into the local Taoist inheritance system in the Qing Dynasty.